Rig Veda 4.21.7 — Mandala 4, Sukta 21, Mantra 7
Sukta 4.21
Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama (traditional attribution for Maṇḍala 4)
Devata: Indra
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable for RV 4.21; confirm by metrical count in a critical edition)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
सत्रा यदीं भार्वरस्य वृष्णः सिषक्ति शुष्मः स्तुवते भराय । गुहा यदीमौशिजस्य गोहे प्र यद्धिये प्रायसे मदाय ॥
Transliteration
satrā yad īṃ bhārvarásya vṛ́ṣṇaḥ síṣakti śúṣmaḥ stuvaté bhárāya | guhā́ yad īm auśijásya góhe prá yád dhiyé práyase mádāya ||
Translation
When, unfailingly, the impetuous force of the Bull (Indra) is yoked for Bhārvara, for the bearer who praises, then—when he is hidden in the cave of the Auśija’s cow-pen—he comes forth for the thought, for the forward drive, for the ecstasy of fulfilment.
Word by Word
सत्राalways, altogether
सत्रा:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसत्रा (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक) < सत्/सत्य (PIE *h₁es- ‘to be’)
यत्when/that
यत्:
Karma (यदा-सम्बन्धे ‘when/that’)
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
ईम्him (enclitic)
ईम्:
Karma (सर्वनाम-प्रत्ययार्थे ‘him’)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootईम् (निपात/अव्यय)
भार्वरस्यof Bhārvara (a patronymic/epithet)
भार्वरस्य:
सम्बन्ध (genitive)
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootभार्वर (प्रातिपदिक; विशेषण/नाम)
वृष्णःof the bull/strong one
वृष्णः:
सम्बन्ध (genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootवृषन् (प्रातिपदिक)
सिषक्तिattaches, joins, harnesses
सिषक्ति:
Kriyā
TypeVerb
Rootसच् (धातु; Vedic present with reduplication: सि-षक्-ति)
शुष्मः(his) might, vigor
शुष्मः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootशुष्म (प्रातिपदिक)
स्तुवते(he) praises
स्तुवते:
Kriyā (यत्-सम्बन्धे)
TypeVerb
Rootस्तु (धातु)
भरायfor bearing/bringing; for the prize/booty
भराय:
Sampradāna (purpose/for)
TypeNoun
Rootभर (प्रातिपदिक; ‘bearing/bringing’, also ‘battle/booty’ in RV usage)
गुहाin secret; in a cave
गुहा:
Adhikaraṇa (manner/place: ‘secretly/in a hiding place’)
TypeNoun
Rootगुहा (प्रातिपदिक)
यत्when/that
यत्:
Karma (यदा-सम्बन्धे ‘when/that’)
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
ईम्him
ईम्:
Karma
TypeIndeclinable
Rootईम् (निपात/अव्यय)
औशिजस्यof the Auśija
औशिजस्य:
सम्बन्ध (genitive)
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootऔशिज (प्रातिपदिक; patronymic/tribal epithet)
गोहेin the cattle-pen; in the cow-stall
गोहे:
Adhikaraṇa
TypeNoun
Rootगोहि/गोहे (प्रातिपदिक; RV ‘cow-pen, cattle-lair’)
प्रforth, forward
प्र:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्र (उपसर्ग/निपात)
यत्when/that
यत्:
Karma (relative ‘when/that’)
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
हिindeed, for
हि:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (निपात)
इयेI went; I have gone
इये:
Kriyā
TypeVerb
Rootइ (धातु ‘to go’) → इये (perfect/old stative-like form)
प्रायसेfor refreshment/nourishment
प्रायसे:
Sampradāna (purpose/for)
TypeNoun
Rootप्रायस् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘refreshment, enjoyment, meal’)
मदायfor exhilaration/intoxication
मदाय:
Sampradāna (purpose/for)
TypeNoun
Rootमद (प्रातिपदिक)
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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