Rig Veda 10.25.4: Mandala 10, Sukta 25, Mantra 4

Sukta 10.25

Rishi: Kakṣīvān Dairghatamasa (attributed in Anukramaṇī for this hymn-group; internal name appears in 10.25.10)

Devata: Soma (Indu), with Indra in supportive background across the sukta

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (11-syllable pādas; typical for Soma/Indra hymns in this section)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

समु प्र यन्ति धीतयः सर्गासोऽवताँ इव । क्रतुं नः सोम जीवसे वि वो मदे धारया चमसाँ इव विवक्षसे ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 10.25.4

Transliteration

samú pra yánti dhītáyaḥ sárgāso’vatā́m iva | krátuṃ naḥ soma jīváse ví vo máde dhāráyā camasā́m iva vivákṣase ||

Translation

تتقدّم الإلهاماتُ المتجمّعةُ كالسُّيول السريعة الهابطة من العُلا. يا سوما، لأجل حياتنا، أقم فينا kratu—قوّة الإرادة الواعية؛ وفي نشوتك المقدّسة (mada) اسكبها واجعلها تنمو فينا، كما تُسكَب الجرعاتُ في الكؤوس (camasa) للقُربان.

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Word by Word

• सम्: together, completely
• सम्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सम् (उपसर्ग) / sam (indecl. prefix)

• प्र: forth, forward
• प्र: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र (उपसर्ग) / pra (indecl. prefix)

• यन्ति: they go, they proceed
• यन्ति: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √या (याति) / yā ‘to go’

• धीतयः: insights, hymnic thoughts
• धीतयः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: धीति- (from √धी ‘to think/meditate’) / dhīti-

• सर्गासः: streams, outpourings
• सर्गासः: Kartā (apposition to धीतयः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सर्ग- / sarga-

• अवताम्: of the helpers/protectors (the favoring ones)
• अवताम्: —
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: अवत- (ppp from √अव ‘to protect/favor’) / avata-

• इव: like, as
• इव: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव / iva

• क्रतुम्: power of will, resolve, ritual intelligence
• क्रतुम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्रतु- / kratu-

• नः: of us, for us
• नः: Sampradāna (beneficiary: ‘for us/our’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् / asmád

• सोम: O Soma
• सोम: —
• Type: Noun (vocative)
• Root: सोम- / soma-

• जीवसे: for living, to live
• जीवसे: Prayojana (purpose)
• Type: Verb (infinitive)
• Root: जीवस्- (infinitive from √जीव् ‘to live’) / jīvase

• वि: apart, widely, distinctly
• वि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वि (उपसर्ग) / vi

• वः: of you, for you
• वः: Sampradāna/Adhikaraṇa (contextual: ‘for you/among you’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् / yuṣmád

• मदे: in exhilaration, in intoxication (of Soma)
• मदे: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: मद- / mada-

• धारय: hold!, maintain!, set in place!
• धारय: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √धृ (धारयति) / dhṛ ‘to hold, support’

• चमसान्: cups, beakers
• चमसान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: चमस- / camasa-

• इव: like, as
• इव: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव / iva

• विवक्षसे: you wish to utter/speak forth
• विवक्षसे: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वच् with desiderative stem विवक्ष- / vac ‘to speak’ → vivakṣa- ‘wish to speak’