Rig Veda 1.48.4: Mandala 1, Sukta 48, Mantra 4
Sukta 1.48
Rishi: Kaṇva (self-referential within the hymn)
Devata: Uṣas
Chandas: Gāyatrī (probable)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
उषो ये ते प्र यामेषु युञ्जते मनो दानाय सूरयः । अत्राह तत्कण्व एषां कण्वतमो नाम गृणाति नृणाम् ॥
Transliteration
uṣo yé té prá yā́meṣu yuñjáte máno dānā́ya sū́rayaḥ | atrā́ha tát kaṇvá eṣā́ṃ kaṇvá-tamo nā́ma gṛṇāti nṛṇā́m ||
Translation
يا فجر، إنّ الرُّؤاة الذين في مسيراتك المتقدّمة يقرنون أذهانهم بالعطاء—هنا حقًّا ينشد كَنْڤا (Kaṇva)، أَكْنَڤُهم، أسماءَ هؤلاء الرجال؛ إذ تنمو الروحُ بالقرابين في النور.
Word by Word
उषःO Dawn
उषः:
सम्बोधन/प्रेष्य (Vocative-like address to Uṣas)
TypeNoun
Rootउषस्- (प्रातिपदिक) < √वस्/उष् (प्रभाते दीप्तौ) (निघण्टु-परम्परा)
येwho (those who)
ये:
कर्तृ (relative subject)
TypePronoun
Rootयद्- (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
तेof you / your
ते:
सम्बन्ध (genitive: ‘of you/your’)
TypePronoun
Rootत्वद्- (सर्वनाम)
प्रforth, forward
प्र:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्र (उपसर्ग/निपात)
यामेषुin the journeys/advances (courses)
यामेषु:
अधिकरण (locative: in the courses/advances)
TypeNoun
Rootयाम- (प्रातिपदिक)
युञ्जतेthey yoke / harness
युञ्जते:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√युज् (योजने)
मनःmind, intention
मनः:
कर्म (object of ‘yoke’)
TypeNoun
Rootमनस्- (प्रातिपदिक)
दानायfor giving, for generosity
दानाय:
सम्प्रदान (for the purpose of giving)
TypeNoun
Rootदान- (प्रातिपदिक) < √दा (दाने)
सूरयःpatrons, bountiful men
सूरयः:
कर्तृ (main subject)
TypeNoun
Rootसूरि- (प्रातिपदिक)
अत्रhere
अत्र:
अधिकरण (here)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअत्र (अव्यय)
अहindeed, surely
अह:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअह (निपात)
तत्that
तत्:
कर्म (that [deed/thing])
TypePronoun
Rootतद्- (सर्वनाम)
कण्वःKaṇva
कण्वः:
कर्तृ (speaker/poet)
TypeProper Noun
Rootकण्व- (प्रातिपदिक; ऋषिनाम)
एषाम्of these (men)
एषाम्:
सम्बन्ध (of these/of them)
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्- (सर्वनाम)
कण्वतमःthe most Kaṇva-like / best of the Kaṇvas
कण्वतमः:
कर्तृ-विशेषण (epithet of Kaṇva)
TypeAdjective (superlative, used as epithet)
Rootकण्वतम- (प्रातिपदिक; superlative of कण्व-)
नामname
नाम:
कर्म (object of ‘praises/utters’)
TypeNoun
Rootनामन्- (प्रातिपदिक)
गृणातिpraises, sings
गृणाति:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√गॄ (स्तुतौ) / √गृ (गिरौ) (Vedic: ‘to sing/praise’)
नृणाम्of men, of heroes
नृणाम्:
सम्बन्ध (genitive: of men)
TypeNoun
Rootनृ- (प्रातिपदिक)
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