Rig Veda 1.48.3: Mandala 1, Sukta 48, Mantra 3
Sukta 1.48
Rishi: Kaṇva
Devata: Uṣas
Chandas: Gāyatrī (probable)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
उवासोषा उच्छाच्च नु देवी जीरा रथानाम् । ये अस्या आचरणेषु दध्रिरे समुद्रे न श्रवस्यवः ॥
Transliteration
uvā́śoṣā́ ucchā́c ca nu devī jīrā́ ráthānām | yé asyā ācáraṇeṣu dadhiré samudré na śravasyávaḥ ||
Translation
لقد أقامت أُشَس (Uṣas) بيننا، وها هي الإلهة قد انبثقت الآن فجرًا، سريعةً في مراكبها. والذين تشبّثوا بمسالكها—كطالبي الغنيمة عند البحر—يصيرون عشّاقَ المجدِ المتلألئ للروح.
Word by Word
उवासhas dwelt / has appeared (as if ‘has taken her place’)
उवास:
क्रिया (मुख्य) / कर्तृ-सम्बन्ध
TypeVerb
Root√वस् (वसँ निवासे) / उषस्- (प्रातिपदिक)
उषाःDawn (Uṣas)
उषाः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootउषस्-
उच्छात्has risen / has shone forth
उच्छात्:
क्रिया (सहायक) / कर्तृ-सम्बन्ध
TypeVerb (finite/elliptic) / Kṛdanta-like form
Rootउद्-√शा/छा? (वेदिक रूप) → √छा/छद्?; प्रचलित व्याख्या: ‘उद्-√स्था/√छा’ = ‘उदितवती/उत्थिता’
चand
च:
सम्बन्ध (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
नुnow / indeed
नु:
सम्बन्ध (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनु
देवीthe goddess
देवी:
कर्तृ (उषाः का विशेषण/अप्पोज़िशन)
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootदेवी- (देव- + ई) / दिव्- (प्रातिपदिक)
जीराswift
जीरा:
कर्तृ-विशेषण
TypeAdjective
Rootजीर- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘शीघ्र/वेगवती’)
रथानाम्of chariots
रथानाम्:
सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी) — ‘रथानाम् (वेगवती)’
TypeNoun
Rootरथ-
येwho (those who)
ये:
कर्तृ
TypePronoun
Rootयद्- (सर्वनाम)
अस्याःof her
अस्याः:
सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी) — ‘of her (Uṣas)’
TypePronoun
Rootइदम् (सर्वनाम) → अस्या-
आचरणेषुin (her) courses / paths / movements
आचरणेषु:
अधिकरण
TypeNoun
Rootआ-√चर् (चरँ गत्यर्थे) → आचरण-
दध्रिरेhave held fast / have taken their stand
दध्रिरे:
क्रिया (मुख्य)
TypeVerb
Root√धृ (धृञ् धारणे)
समुद्रेin the ocean
समुद्रे:
अधिकरण
TypeNoun
Rootसमुद्र-
नlike / as
न:
सम्बन्ध (उपमा)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन
श्रवस्यवःfame-seekers / seekers of renown
श्रवस्यवः:
कर्तृ (ये … श्रवस्यवः)
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootश्रवस्यु- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘यशः-कामी/कीर्त्यर्थी’)
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