Rig Veda 2.4.7: Mandala 2, Sukta 4, Mantra 7

Sukta 2.4

Rishi: Gṛtsamada

Devata: Agni

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; needs metrical verification)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

स यो व्यस्थादभि दक्षदुर्वीं पशुर्नैति स्वयुरगोपाः । अग्निः शोचिष्माँ अतसान्युष्णन्कृष्णव्यथिरस्वदयन्न भूम ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 2.4.7

Transliteration

sá yó vyásthād abhí dákṣad urvī́ṃ paśúr ná eti sváyur ágopāḥ | agníḥ śóciṣmāṃ atásāny uṣṇán kṛṣṇá-vyathir asvadáyan ná bhū́ma ||

Translation

He who has stood apart and burned through the wide earth—no beast goes there, self-moved and unguided. Agni, full of flame, heating the fibres, makes even the black resistance taste; he works the ground into sweetness.

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Word by Word

• सः: he
• सः: कर्तृ
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) → स

• यः: who
• यः: कर्तृ
• Type: Pronoun (relative)
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) → य

• व्यस्थात्: stood apart / took his stand
• व्यस्थात्: कर्तृ
• Type: Verb
• Root: स्था (धातु) + वि- (उपसर्ग)

• अभि: towards, upon
• अभि: —
• Type: Indeclinable (preverb)
• Root: अभि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• दक्षत्: was effective / accomplished
• दक्षत्: कर्तृ
• Type: Verb
• Root: दक्ष् (धातु: ‘to be able/act effectively; to accomplish’)

• उर्वीम्: the broad earth
• उर्वीम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: उर्वी (प्रातिपदिक)

• पशुः: the beast / cattle
• पशुः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: पशु (प्रातिपदिक)

• न: not
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (निपात)

• एति: goes
• एति: कर्तृ
• Type: Verb
• Root: इ (धातु: ‘to go’)

• स्वयुः: self-moving / self-guided
• स्वयुः: कर्तृ
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: स्वयु (प्रातिपदिक; ‘self-guiding/going of itself’)

• अगोपाः: unguarded / without a herdsman
• अगोपाः: कर्तृ
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अ-गोप (प्रातिपदिक; नञ् + गोप ‘herdsman/guardian’)

• अग्निः: Agni (fire)
• अग्निः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)

• शोचिष्मान्: flame-bright / possessing radiance
• शोचिष्मान्: कर्तृ
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शोचिस् (प्रातिपदिक) + -मन्त् (मतुप्)

• अतसानि: garments / coverings
• अतसानि: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: अतस् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘garment/cloth’)

• उष्णन्: heating / making hot
• उष्णन्: कर्तृ
• Type: Participle (present)
• Root: उष्ण (प्रातिपदिक; ‘hot’) → उष्णत् (वर्तमाने कृदन्तः)

• कृष्णव्यथिः: dark-trembling / causing blackening and agitation
• कृष्णव्यथिः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun/Adjective (compound epithet)
• Root: कृष्ण (प्रातिपदिक) + व्यथि (प्रातिपदिक; ‘trembling/affliction’) (समासः)

• अस्वद्: made (it) taste / made pleasant
• अस्वद्: कर्तृ
• Type: Verb
• Root: स्वद् (धातु: ‘to taste/be sweet; to relish’) + अ- (augment of aorist)

• अयन्: set in motion / drove
• अयन्: कर्तृ
• Type: Verb
• Root: इ (धातु: ‘to go’) + अय (caus./denom. ‘to set in motion/drive’ as Vedic finite form)

• भूम: the earth / the ground
• भूम: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: भूमन्/भूमि (प्रातिपदिक; ‘earth/ground, world’)