Rig Veda 4.39.3: Mandala 4, Sukta 39, Mantra 3

Sukta 4.39

Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama (traditional attribution for Maṇḍala 4)

Devata: Dadhikrāvan (divine horse-power), with invoked powers: Agni, Uṣas, Aditi, Mitra-Varuṇa

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable for RV 4.39; verse appears triṣṭubh-like)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

यो अश्वस्य दधिक्राव्णो अकारीत्समिद्धे अग्ना उषसो व्युष्टौ । अनागसं तमदितिः कृणोतु स मित्रेण वरुणेना सजोषाः ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 4.39.3

Transliteration

yó aśvásya dadhikrā́vṇo ákārīt sámiddhe agnā́ uṣáso vyùṣṭau | anā́gasaṃ tám áditiḥ kṛṇotu sá mitréṇa váruṇenā sajóṣāḥ ||

Translation

ผู้ใดได้ประกอบการบูชาแด่ทัธิกราวัน (Dadhikrāvan) ผู้ทรงพลังแห่งม้า—เมื่ออัคนี (Agni) ถูกจุดให้ลุกในยามรุ่งอรุณอันเปิดกว้าง—ขออทิติ (Aditi) โปรดทำเขาให้ปราศจากโทษ ปราศจากมลทินภายใน; ขอให้เขาอยู่ร่วมอย่างกลมกลืนเป็นหนึ่งเดียวกับมิตร (Mitra) และวรุณะ (Varuṇa)

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Word by Word

• यः: who (he who)
• यः: Kartā (यः = कर्तृ-सम्बन्धी) / सम्बन्धः
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• अश्वस्य: of the horse
• अश्वस्य: सम्बन्धः (genitive: ‘of the horse’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अश्व (प्रातिपदिक)

• दधिक्राव्णः: of Dadhikrāvan (the divine steed)
• दधिक्राव्णः: सम्बन्धः (genitive: ‘of Dadhikrāvan’)
• Type: Noun (proper/epithet)
• Root: दधिक्रावन् (प्रातिपदिक; अश्व-देवता/अश्व-नाम)

• अकारीत्: has done / performed
• अकारीत्: Kriyā (मुख्यक्रिया) / कर्तृ-क्रिया सम्बन्धः
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु)

• समिद्धे: in/at the kindled (fire)
• समिद्धे: Adhikaraṇa (locative: ‘when/where kindled’)
• Type: Adjective/Participle
• Root: सम्-इध् → समिद्ध (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)

• अग्नौ: in the fire
• अग्नौ: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)

• उषसः: of Dawn
• उषसः: सम्बन्धः
• Type: Noun
• Root: उषस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• व्युष्टौ: at the dawning / at daybreak
• व्युष्टौ: Adhikaraṇa (time: ‘at dawn’s breaking’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वि-उष् → व्युष्टि (प्रातिपदिक)

• अनागसम्: sinless, guiltless
• अनागसम्: Karma (object complement with कृणोतु) / विशेष्य-विशेषणभावः
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अन्-आगस् (प्रातिपदिक; नञ्-समास)

• तम्: him
• तम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• अदितिः: Aditi
• अदितिः: Kartā
• Type: Noun (deity)
• Root: अदिति (प्रातिपदिक)

• कृणोतु: may (she) make
• कृणोतु: Kriyā (आशीर्वाद/विधि)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु)

• सः: he
• सः: Kartā (of implied ‘be/act’) / विषयः
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• मित्रेण: with Mitra
• मित्रेण: Karaṇa / सहकारक (instrumental of association)
• Type: Noun (deity)
• Root: मित्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• वरुणेन: with Varuṇa
• वरुणेन: Karaṇa / सहकारक
• Type: Noun (deity)
• Root: वरुण (प्रातिपदिक)

• सजोषाः: in concord / in joint fellowship
• सजोषाः: Kartṛ-sāmānādhikaraṇya (predicate of सः)
• Type: Adjective (predicative)
• Root: स-जोṣस् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘together-in-pleasure/accord’)