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Rig Veda 4.39.2: Mandala 4, Sukta 39, Mantra 2

Sukta 4.39

Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama (traditional attribution for this mandala’s hymns)
Devata: Dadhikrāvan; Mitra-Varuṇa invoked as bestowers; Agni as comparison
Chandas: Triṣṭubh

महश्चर्कर्म्यर्वतः क्रतुप्रा दधिक्राव्णः पुरुवारस्य वृष्णः । यं पूरुभ्यो दीदिवांसं नाग्निं ददथुर्मित्रावरुणा ततुरिम् ॥

maháś carkarmi árvataḥ kratúprā dadhikrā́vṇaḥ puruvā́rasya vṛ́ṣṇaḥ | yáṃ pūrúbhyo dīdivā́ṃsaṃ nā́gníṃ dádathur mitrā́varuṇā táturim ||

เราขอประกาศความยิ่งใหญ่ของม้าศึกทัธิกราวัน (Dadhikrāvan) ผู้เป็นพฤษภาแห่งทรัพย์อันมาก ผู้เติมเต็มเจตจำนงด้วยพลัง องค์ผู้ส่องประกายดุจไฟนั้น—โอ้มิตระและวรุณะ—ท่านทั้งสองได้ประทานแก่ชนหมู่มาก ให้เป็นผู้พิชิตอันรวดเร็ว

महत्great
महत्:
Karma (कर्मधारय-विशेषणम्) / विशेष्य-सम्बन्ध
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत् (प्रातिपदिक) < मह् (वृद्धौ) / PIE *megʰ-
चर्कर्मिI have made / I have fashioned
चर्कर्मि:
Kartā (अहं)
TypeVerb
Root√कृ (करणे) → चर्कर्मि (परिपूर्ण/इंटेन्सिव्-रूप, 1st sg.)
अर्वतःof the steed / of the horse
अर्वतः:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध-षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootअर्वत् (प्रातिपदिक) < √ऋ/अर् (गत्यर्थ) (अश्व/रथ-सम्बन्ध)
क्रतुप्राःfilling/fulfilling the resolve (wise in purpose)
क्रतुप्राः:
Kartā (विशेषणम्) / विशेष्य-सम्बन्ध
TypeAdjective
Rootक्रतु-प्रा (समास; प्रा < √प्रा/प्र (पूरणे/प्रापणे) ‘पूरक/पूरयिता’)
दधिक्राव्णःof Dadhikrāvan (Dadhikrā)
दधिक्राव्णः:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध-षष्ठी)
TypeNoun (proper/epithet)
Rootदधिक्रावन् (प्रातिपदिक; दधि+क्रावन्, देव/अश्व-नाम)
पुरुवारस्यof the much-protecting / much-giving
पुरुवारस्य:
Sambandha (विशेषण-षष्ठी) / विशेष्य-सम्बन्ध
TypeAdjective
Rootपुरुवार (प्रातिपदिक; पुरु+वार ‘बहु-आवरण/बहु-रक्षा/बहु-दान’—एपिथेट)
वृष्णःof the bull (the strong one)
वृष्णः:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध-षष्ठी)
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootवृषन् (प्रातिपदिक) < √वृष् (वर्षणे/बलवत्त्वे)
यम्whom
यम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
पूरुभ्यःto the Pūrus
पूरुभ्यः:
Sampradāna
TypeNoun
Rootपूरु (प्रातिपदिक; जन/वंश-नाम)
दीदिवांसम्shining, radiant
दीदिवांसम्:
Karma (यम् विशेषणम्)
TypeParticiple (Adjective)
Root√दीदिव्/√दीप् (दीप्तौ) → दीदिवांस् (परफेक्ट्-एक्टिव् पार्टिसिपल्)
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (निपात)
अग्निम्Agni (fire-god)
अग्निम्:
Karma (यम् के अपोजिशन/विशेष्य)
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)
ददथुःyou two have given / bestowed
ददथुः:
Kartā (मित्रावरुणौ)
TypeVerb
Root√दा (दाने)
मित्रावरुणाMitra and Varuṇa
मित्रावरुणा:
Kartā
TypeNoun (dual deity)
Rootमित्रावरुण (द्वन्द्व-समास; मित्र + वरुण)
ततुरिम्the swift one / the overcomer
ततुरिम्:
Karma (विशेषणम्)
TypeNoun/Adjective (epithet)
Rootततुरि (प्रातिपदिक; ‘शीघ्र/वेगवान्’—एपिथेट) < √तृ/√तर् (तरणे/अतिक्रमे) (वेदिक रूप)

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