Rig Veda 8.53.1: Mandala 8, Sukta 53, Mantra 1
Sukta 8.53
Rishi: Kaṇva (Kāṇva tradition)
Devata: Indra
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; 8.53 frequently Triṣṭubh in Indra hymns, though confirmation requires full metrical count)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
उपमं त्वा मघोनां ज्येष्ठं च वृषभाणाम् । पूर्भित्तमं मघवन्निन्द्र गोविदमीशानं राय ईमहे ॥
Transliteration
upamáṃ tvā maghónāṃ jyéṣṭhaṃ ca vr̥ṣabhā́ṇām | pūrbhíttamaṃ maghavann indra govídam ī́śānaṃ rāyá īmahe ||
Translation
उपमं त्वा मघोनां ज्येष्ठं च वृषभाणाम्। पूर्भित्तमं मघवन्निन्द्र गोविदमीशानं रायः ईमहे॥
Word by Word
उपमम्most excellent, best (as a comparison)
उपमम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootउपम (प्रातिपदिक; उप + मा ‘मापने/तुलने’ से) अथवा उपम (विशेषण-प्रातिपदिक)
त्वाyou (Indra), thee
त्वा:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
मघोनाम्of the bountiful ones / of the generous
मघोनाम्:
Sambandha (Genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootमघवन् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘दानशील/समृद्ध’)
ज्येष्ठम्the eldest, foremost
ज्येष्ठम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootज्येष्ठ (प्रातिपदिक; ‘श्रेष्ठ/वरिष्ठ’)
चand
च:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (निपात)
वृषभाणाम्of the bulls / of the mighty ones
वृषभाणाम्:
Sambandha (Genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootवृषभ (प्रातिपदिक; ‘वृषभ/श्रेष्ठ/वीर’)
पूर्भित्तमम्the greatest fort-smasher
पूर्भित्तमम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपुर्-भिद् (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; ‘पुर्’ + √भिद् ‘भेदने’), ‘-तम’ अतिशय
मघवन्O bountiful one
मघवन्:
Sambodhana
TypeNoun (vocative epithet)
Rootमघवन् (प्रातिपदिक)
इन्द्रO Indra
इन्द्र:
Sambodhana
TypeNoun (vocative)
Rootइन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)
गोविदम्finder/winner of cows
गोविदम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootगो-विद् (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; गो ‘गाय’ + √विद् ‘वेदने/लाभे’), बहुव्रीहि/उपपद-समास
ईशानम्ruling, sovereign
ईशानम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootईशान (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √ईश् ‘ऐश्वर्ये/शासने’ से वर्तमान कृदन्त)
रायःof wealth
रायः:
Sambandha (Genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootराय्/रायि (प्रातिपदिक; ‘धन, संपत्ति’)
ईमहेwe seek / we implore
ईमहे:
Kriyā (main verb)
TypeVerb
Root√यम् (याचने/प्रार्थने) — वैदिक रूप ‘ईमहे’ (आत्मनेपद)
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