Rig Veda 8.31.3: Mandala 8, Sukta 31, Mantra 3
Sukta 8.31
Devata: Dual/divine helpers implied; likely Aśvinau context in this sukta-section (paired beneficent powers), with general deva-impulsion emphasized
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
तस्य द्युमाँ असद्रथो देवजूतः स शूशुवत् । विश्वा वन्वन्नमित्रिया ॥
Transliteration
tásya dyu-mā́m ásad rátho deva-jū́taḥ sá śū́śuvat | víśvā́ vánvann amitríyā ||
Translation
तस्य द्युमान् देवजूतः रथः आसदत्; स शूशुवत्, विश्वाः अमित्रियाः वन्भन्।
Word by Word
तस्यof him/its
तस्य:
सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) → तस्य
द्युमान्splendid, radiant
द्युमान्:
विशेषण (of रथः)
TypeAdjective
Rootद्युमन्त् (प्रातिपदिक; द्युत्/द्युम् ‘splendour’)
असत्was / came to be
असत्:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√अस् (भू-सत्तायाम्)
रथःchariot
रथः:
कर्तृ (of असत्)
TypeNoun
Rootरथ (प्रातिपदिक)
देवजूतःgod-impelled, driven by the gods
देवजूतः:
विशेषण (of रथः)
TypeAdjective (past participial)
Rootदेवजूत (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; देव + √जु/जव् ‘to impel/drive’ → ‘impelled by the gods’)
सःhe
सः:
कर्तृ (of शूशुवत्)
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) → सः
शूशुवत्grew strong / became vigorous
शूशुवत्:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√शु/श्वि (वर्धने/प्रवृद्धौ; ‘to grow strong, to thrive’)
विश्वान्all (of them)
विश्वान्:
कर्म (of वन्वन्)
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootविश्व (प्रातिपदिक)
वन्वन्conquering, winning
वन्वन्:
कर्तृ (agent-participle; concomitant action)
TypeVerb (participle)
Root√वन् (वनने ‘to win, to conquer’)
अमित्रियाhostilities / hostile (forces)
अमित्रिया:
कर्म/विषय (object/target of conquering)
TypeNoun/Adjective (collective/abstract in Vedic usage)
Rootअमित्रिय (प्रातिपदिक; अमित्र ‘enemy’ + -इय/-य suffix; ‘hostile/enemy-like’)
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