Rig Veda 8.1.28 — Mandala 8, Sukta 1, Mantra 28
Sukta 8.1
Rishi: Medhyātithi Kāṇva
Devata: Indra
Chandas: Jagatī (probable; requires metrical verification)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
त्वं पुरं चरिष्ण्वं वधैः शुष्णस्य सं पिणक् । त्वं भा अनु चरो अध द्विता यदिन्द्र हव्यो भुवः ॥
Transliteration
tváṃ púraṃ cariṣṇváṃ vadháiḥ śúṣṇasya sáṃ piṇak | tváṃ bhā́ ánu caró ádha dvitā́ yád indra hávyo bhúvaḥ ||
Translation
त्वं वधैः शुष्णस्य चरिष्ण्वं पुरं सं पिणक्। त्वं भा अनुचरोऽध; द्विता यदि, इन्द्र, हव्यो भवः।
Word by Word
त्वम्thou (you)
त्वम्:
कर्तृ
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
पुरम्fort, stronghold
पुरम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootपुर्/पुर (प्रातिपदिक)
चरिष्णुम्moving/roving, shifting (i.e., mobile/ever-moving)
चरिष्णुम्:
कर्म (विशेषणरूपेण)
TypeAdjective (verbal) / Participle-like
Rootचर् (धातु) → चरिष्णु (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; -ष्णु)
वधैःwith blows, with weapons/strikes
वधैः:
करण
TypeNoun
Rootवध (प्रातिपदिक) < हन्/वध्-भाव (हत्या/आघात)
शुष्णस्यof Śuṣṇa
शुष्णस्य:
सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी)
TypeProper Noun
Rootशुष्ण (प्रातिपदिक; दैत्य-नाम)
सम्together, completely
सम्:
—
TypePreverb / Indeclinable
Rootसम् (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
पिणक्(he) crushed/smashed
पिणक्:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootपिश्/पिंश् (धातु: पिंश् ‘to crush, pound’) → पिणक् (लुङ्/आorist रूप)
त्वम्thou
त्वम्:
कर्तृ
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
भाःthou shinest / art radiant
भाः:
क्रिया
TypeVerb (Vedic finite) / (alt. Noun)
Rootभा (धातु ‘to shine’) → भाः (वर्त.लट्/विधि?; वैदिक रूप) / अथवा ‘भाः’ (नाम ‘splendour’)
अनुafter, along
अनु:
—
TypePreverb / Indeclinable
Rootअनु (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
चरःa follower, one who moves along
चरः:
कर्तृ (समानाधिकरण/विशेषणभावे)
TypeNoun/Adjective (agentive)
Rootचर् (धातु) → चर (कृदन्त/नाम ‘moving, follower’)
अधthen, thereafter
अध:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअध (अव्यय; वैदिक)
द्विताagain; a second time; in twofold manner
द्विता:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootद्विता (अव्यय; ‘in two ways/again/secondly’)
यदिif, when
यदि:
—
TypeIndeclinable (conditional)
Rootयदि (अव्यय)
इन्द्रO Indra
इन्द्र:
सम्बोधन
TypeProper Noun (vocative)
Rootइन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक; देव-नाम)
हव्यःto be invoked; worthy of oblation
हव्यः:
कर्तृ (विशेषणरूपेण)
TypeAdjective
Rootहव्य (प्रातिपदिक; ‘to be invoked/offered’) < √हू ‘to call’
भुवःbe; become
भुवः:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootभू (धातु) → भव्/भू; भुवः (लोट्/विधिलिङ्? वैदिक injunctive/imperative)
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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