Rig Veda 8.1.18: Mandala 8, Sukta 1, Mantra 18
Sukta 8.1
Rishi: Kaṇva (Kāṇva tradition predominates in Maṇḍala 8; exact ṛṣi for 8.1 varies by Anukramaṇī—flagged as likely Kāṇva)
Devata: Indra (implied continuation of Indra-Soma context) / the empowered divine Will (kratu) invoked to increase and fill
Chandas: Gāyatrī (common in Indra hymns of Maṇḍala 8; flagged as probable)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
अध ज्मो अध वा दिवो बृहतो रोचनादधि । अया वर्धस्व तन्वा गिरा ममा जाता सुक्रतो पृण ॥
Transliteration
ádha jmáḥ ádha vā divó bṛható rocanā́d ádhi | ayā́ vardhasva tanvā́ girā́ mamā́ jā́tā sukrato pṛṇa ||
Translation
अथ ज्मो अध वा दिवो बृहतो रोचनादधि—अनेन वर्धस्व; मम गिरा तन्वा च। हे सुक्रतो, ममासु जातः, स्वेन पूर्णेन अस्मान् पृण।
Word by Word
अधthen, now
अध:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअध (अव्यय)
ज्मःon earth, in the earthly realm
ज्मः:
Adhikaraṇa (स्थान/देश-निर्देश) अथवा विषय-निर्देश
TypeNoun
Rootज्म (प्रातिपदिक)
अधthen
अध:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअध (अव्यय)
वाor
वा:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा (अव्यय)
दिवः
दिवः:
सम्बन्ध (genitive) / अपादान-भाव (स्रोत-निर्देश) सह
TypeNoun
Rootदिव्/द्यौ (प्रातिपदिक: दिव्/द्यौ-)
बृहतःof the great
बृहतः:
विशेषण-सम्बन्ध (रोचनात् इत्यस्य)
TypeAdjective
Rootबृहत् (प्रातिपदिक)
रोचनात्from the shining realm/light
रोचनात्:
Apādāna (from, out of)
TypeNoun
Rootरोचन (प्रातिपदिक; √रुच् ‘to shine’)
अधिupon, over
अधि:
Adhikaraṇa (उपरि/अधिष्ठान) सह
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअधि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
अयाwith this (means/way)
अया:
Karaṇa (by/with this)
TypePronoun
Rootइदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) / अयम्- (Vedic instr.)
वर्धस्वgrow, increase
वर्धस्व:
(कर्तृ-आह्वान) — संबोधित देवता का कर्तृत्व
TypeVerb
Root√वृध् (वर्धते)
तन्वाwith (your) body/self
तन्वा:
Karaṇa (with the body/self)
TypeNoun
Rootतनू (प्रातिपदिक)
गिराwith (my) song/chant
गिरा:
Karaṇa (with song/utterance)
TypeNoun
Rootगिर् (प्रातिपदिक)
ममmy
मम:
सम्बन्ध (genitive)
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम)
जाताःborn, arisen
जाताः:
Kartā (विषय/कर्ता-समूह) — ‘they who are born’
TypeAdjective
Root√जन् (कृदन्त: जात-)
सुक्रतोO good-minded/strong-willed one
सुक्रतो:
सम्बोधन (addressed deity)
TypeNoun (vocative epithet)
Rootसु-क्रतु (प्रातिपदिक)
पृणfill, satisfy, bestow (plenitude)
पृण:
Karma-प्रवर्तक (आह्वान) — ‘fill (us/our desires)’
TypeVerb
Root√पॄ/पृ (पृणाति ‘to fill, satisfy’)
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