Rig Veda 5.59.3: Mandala 5, Sukta 59, Mantra 3
Sukta 5.59
Rishi: Atri (Ātreya tradition) (traditional attribution for RV 5.59 to the Atris)
Devata: Marutaḥ (Maruts, Rudra’s storm-powers)
Chandas: Jagatī (probable for RV 5.59; verse-length suggests Jagatī/Triṣṭubh family—requires metrical verification)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
गवामिव श्रियसे शृङ्गमुत्तमं सूर्यो न चक्षू रजसो विसर्जने । अत्या इव सुभ्वश्चारवः स्थन मर्या इव श्रियसे चेतथा नरः ॥
Transliteration
gavām iva śriyáse śṛ́ṅgam uttamáṃ sū́ryo na cákṣū ráj̱aso vi-sárjane | átyā iva su-bhvaś cā́ravaḥ sthana maryā́ iva śriyáse cetathā naraḥ ||
Translation
गवामिव श्रियसे शृङ्गमुत्तमं सूर्य इव चक्षू रजसो विसर्जने—यूयं स्थानं गृह्णीथ; अत्या इव शुभ्वश्चारवः। मर्या इव श्रियसे चेतथ, हे नरः (मरुतः)।
Word by Word
गवाम्of cows
गवाम्:
सम्बन्ध (genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootगो (प्रातिपदिक)
इवlike, as
इव:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव (निपात)
श्रियेfor splendor/beauty
श्रिये:
सम्प्रदान
TypeNoun
Rootश्री (प्रातिपदिक)
शृङ्गम्horn, peak
शृङ्गम्:
कर्म (as object of implied ‘to set forth/display’)
TypeNoun
Rootशृङ्ग (प्रातिपदिक)
उत्तमम्highest, best
उत्तमम्:
विशेषण
TypeAdjective
Rootउत्तम (प्रातिपदिक; superlative of उद्/उत् + तम)
सूर्यःthe Sun
सूर्यः:
कर्ता
TypeNoun
Rootसूर्य (प्रातिपदिक)
नlike
न:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (निपात)
चक्षुःeye, sight
चक्षुः:
कर्म (of विसर्जने)
TypeNoun
Rootचक्षुस् (प्रातिपदिक)
रजसःof the space/realm (rajas)
रजसः:
सम्बन्ध
TypeNoun
Rootरजस् (प्रातिपदिक)
विसर्जनेin the sending-forth/releasing
विसर्जने:
अधिकरण
TypeNoun
Rootवि-√सृज् → विसर्जन (कृदन्त/भाव)
अत्याःmares
अत्याः:
कर्ता
TypeNoun
Rootअत्य (प्रातिपदिक)
इवlike
इव:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव (निपात)
सुभ्वःwell-going, swift (well-moving)
सुभ्वः:
विशेषण
TypeAdjective
Rootसुभ्व (प्रातिपदिक; RV adj.)
चारवःbeautiful, dear, splendid
चारवः:
कर्ता (of स्थन)
TypeAdjective
Rootचारु (प्रातिपदिक)
स्थनthey stood / took their stand
स्थन:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√स्था (Vedic injunctive/aorist-injunctive form)
मर्याःyoung men, heroes
मर्याः:
कर्ता
TypeNoun
Rootमर्य (प्रातिपदिक)
इवlike
इव:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव (निपात)
श्रियेfor splendor
श्रिये:
सम्प्रदान
TypeNoun
Rootश्री (प्रातिपदिक)
चेतथyou have perceived/you take heed
चेतथ:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√चित् (Vedic: ‘to perceive/notice/think’; also ‘to be mindful’)
नरःO men, heroes
नरः:
सम्बोधन/कर्ता (addressed)
TypeNoun
Rootनर (प्रातिपदिक)
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