Rig Veda 4.38.8: Mandala 4, Sukta 38, Mantra 8
Sukta 4.38
Rishi: Dadhikrāvan (hymnic subject) / Maṇḍala 4 collection
Devata: Dadhikrā (thunder-like onrush of truth-force)
Chandas: Triṣṭubh
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
उत स्मास्य तन्यतोरिव द्योॠघायतो अभियुजो भयन्ते । यदा सहस्रमभि षीमयोधीद्दुर्वर्तुः स्मा भवति भीम ऋञ्जन् ॥
Transliteration
utá smā́sya tanyatóḥ iva dyó ṛghāyató abhiyújo bhayante | yadā sahásram abhí sīm áyodhīd duḥvártuḥ smā bhavati bhīmá ṛñján ||
Translation
उत स्मास्य तन्यतोः इव द्योः, अभियुजः भयन्ते। यदा सहस्रम् अभि षीमयोधीत्, तदा दुर्वर्तुः भीमः भवति—भयेन तम् ऋञ्जन्, जयाय पन्थानं परिवर्तयति॥
Word by Word
उतand, also
उत:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउत
स्मindeed, just, then
स्म:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootस्म
अस्यof him/this (one)
अस्य:
सम्बन्ध (genitival relation)
TypePronoun
Rootइदम् (अदस्/इदम् pronominal stem)
तन्यतोःof the thundering one
तन्यतोः:
सम्बन्ध (genitival relation)
TypeNoun (verbal noun/participle stem)
Rootतन् (तन्यति) / prātipadika: तन्यत्-
इवlike, as
इव:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
द्योःof heaven/sky
द्योः:
सम्बन्ध (genitival relation)
TypeNoun
Rootद्यौ-
ऋघायतःfrom the harmful/menacing (one)
ऋघायतः:
अपादान
TypeAdjective/Participle
Rootऋघाय (denom. from ऋघ- ‘harm, injury’) / prātipadika: ऋघायत्-
अभियुजःassailants, attackers
अभियुजः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootअभि-युज् / prātipadika: अभियुज्-
भयन्तेthey fear
भयन्ते:
—
TypeVerb
Rootभी
यदाwhen
यदा:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा
सहस्रम्a thousand
सहस्रम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun/Adjective (numeral)
Rootसहस्र-
अभिtowards, upon
अभि:
—
TypeIndeclinable (preverb/preposition)
Rootअभि
सीम्him/it (enclitic), indeed
सीम्:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसीम्
अयोधीत्he fought
अयोधीत्:
—
TypeVerb
Rootयुध् (aor. stem with augment a-)
दुर्वर्तुःof difficult passage/track; hard to overcome
दुर्वर्तुः:
सम्बन्ध (genitival relation)
TypeAdjective/Noun
Rootदुर्-वर्तु-
स्मindeed
स्म:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootस्म
भवतिhe becomes
भवति:
—
TypeVerb
Rootभू
भीमःterrible, formidable
भीमः:
कर्तृ (predicative)
TypeAdjective
Rootभीम-
ऋञ्जन्rushing/charging; (lit.) moving swiftly
ऋञ्जन्:
कर्तृ (appositional)
TypeParticiple (present)
Rootऋञ्ज्
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