Rig Veda 4.31.1: Mandala 4, Sukta 31, Mantra 1
Sukta 4.31
Devata: Indra (implied by śacī, maghavan context in the hymn)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
कया नश्चित्र आ भुवदूती सदावृधः सखा । कया शचिष्ठया वृता ॥
Transliteration
kayā́ naś citrá ā́ bhuvad ūtī́ sadā́vṛdhaḥ sákhā | kayā́ śáciṣṭhayā vṛtā́ ||
Translation
कया नः चित्रा ऊतिः सदावृद्धः सखा अस्मान् आ गमिष्यति? कया शचिष्ठया—प्रज्ञा-शक्त्या कर्मशक्त्या च—वृतः अस्मान् सुकर्मणि नियोजयिष्यति?
Word by Word
कयाby which (means/way)?
कया:
करण
TypePronoun/Interrogative adjective
Rootक (किम्-प्रातिपदिक) + या (स्त्री. प्रातिपदिक)
नःto us / for us
नः:
सम्प्रदान
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम)
चित्रःthe bright/wondrous one
चित्रः:
कर्ता
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootचित्र (प्रातिपदिक)
आhither, towards
आ:
—
TypeIndeclinable (preverb/particle)
Rootआ (उपसर्ग/निपात)
भुवत्may he become / did he become
भुवत्:
—
TypeVerb
Rootभू (धातु)
ऊतीhelp, aid
ऊती:
कर्ता (predicate-noun with भुवत्)
TypeNoun
Rootऊति (स्त्री. प्रातिपदिक)
सदावृधःever-increasing (ever-growing)
सदावृधः:
कर्ता (apposition to चित्रः)
TypeAdjective (bahuvrīhi-like epithet)
Rootसदा (अव्यय) + वृध (प्रातिपदिक; ‘growing/strengthening’)
सखाfriend
सखा:
कर्ता (apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootसखि/सखा (प्रातिपदिक)
कयाby which (means/way)?
कया:
करण
TypePronoun/Interrogative adjective
Rootक (किम्) + या
शचिष्ठयाby the most powerful / most effective (power)
शचिष्ठया:
करण
TypeAdjective
Rootशचिष्ठ (superlative adj. from शचि/शक्ति/शच्- ‘power, might, skill’ as Vedic epithet)
वृताchosen, selected
वृता:
कर्ता/विशेषण (of the aid)
TypeParticiple (past passive) used adjectivally
Rootवृत (PPP from √वृ ‘to choose, to select’)
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