Rig Veda 4.23.9: Mandala 4, Sukta 23, Mantra 9
Sukta 4.23
Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama (traditional attribution for RV 4.23)
Devata: Ṛta (Truth-Order) as the governing power
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; verse-level verification needed)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
ऋतस्य दृळ्हा धरुणानि सन्ति पुरूणि चन्द्रा वपुषे वपूंषि । ऋतेन दीर्घमिषणन्त पृक्ष ऋतेन गाव ऋतमा विवेशुः ॥
Transliteration
ṛtásya dṛḷhā́ dharuṇā́ni sánti purū́ṇi candrā́ vápuse vapū́ṃṣi | ṛténa dīrghám iṣaṇanta pṛ́kṣa ṛténa gā́va ṛtám ā́ viveśuḥ ||
Translation
ऋतस्य दृळ्हा धरुणानि सन्ति पुरूणि चन्द्रा वपुषे वपूंषि। ऋतेन दीर्घम् इषणन्त पृक्ष ऋतेन गाव ऋतम् आ विवेशुः॥
Word by Word
ऋतस्यof ṛta (cosmic order/true law)
ऋतस्य:
सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootऋत (प्रातिपदिक)
दृळ्हाःfirm, steadfast
दृळ्हाः:
विशेषण (of धरणानि)
TypeAdjective
Rootदृळ्ह (विशेषण-प्रातिपदिक; दृंह्/दृढ्-भाव)
धरणानिsupports, foundations
धरणानि:
कर्तृ/विषय (with सन्ति)
TypeNoun
Rootधरणि (प्रातिपदिक; √धृ ‘to hold’)
सन्तिare
सन्ति:
अस्ति-क्रिया (copula)
TypeVerb
Root√अस्
पुरूणिmany
पुरूणि:
विशेषण (of वपूंषि)
TypeAdjective
Rootपुरु (विशेषण-प्रातिपदिक)
चand
च:
समुच्चय
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
चन्द्राःbright, shining
चन्द्राः:
विशेषण (of वपूंषि)
TypeAdjective
Rootचन्द्र (विशेषण-प्रातिपदिक)
वपुषेfor beauty/form
वपुषे:
सम्प्रदान (purpose/for)
TypeNoun
Rootवपुस् (प्रातिपदिक)
वपूंषिforms, bodies, beauties
वपूंषि:
कर्तृ/विषय (elliptic with सन्ति)
TypeNoun
Rootवपुस् (प्रातिपदिक)
ऋतेनby/with ṛta
ऋतेन:
करण (means/instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootऋत (प्रातिपदिक)
दीर्घम्far, long (for a long distance/time)
दीर्घम्:
क्रियाविशेषण (extent)
TypeAdjective
Rootदीर्घ (विशेषण-प्रातिपदिक)
इषणन्तthey impelled/urged on
इषणन्त:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√इष् (इषण ‘to set in motion/impel/seek’)
पृक्षthe Pṛkṣa (strong/bull-like one; an epithet/name)
पृक्ष:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootपृक्ष (प्रातिपदिक; ‘speckled/bull/strong one’—RV epithet)
ऋतेनby/with ṛta
ऋतेन:
करण (means/instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootऋत (प्रातिपदिक)
गावःthe cows
गावः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootगो (प्रातिपदिक)
ऋतम्ṛta, the true order
ऋतम्:
कर्म (goal entered)
TypeNoun
Rootऋत (प्रातिपदिक)
आinto, towards
आ:
क्रियाविशेषक (towards/into)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआ
विवेशुःthey have entered/entered
विवेशुः:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√विश् (with vi-)
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