Rig Veda 4.23.4: Mandala 4, Sukta 23, Mantra 4
Sukta 4.23
Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama
Devata: Indra (implied; but verse generalizes the process of acceptance by the divine)
Chandas: Triṣṭubh
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
कथा सबाधः शशमानो अस्य नशदभि द्रविणं दीध्यानः । देवो भुवन्नवेदा म ऋतानां नमो जगृभ्वाँ अभि यज्जुजोषत् ॥
Transliteration
kathā́ sa-bā́dhaḥ śaśamā́nó asya náśad abhí dráviṇaṃ dīdhyā́naḥ | devó bhúvann ávedā ma ṛtā́nāṃ námo jagṛbhvā́n abhí yáj jujoṣat ||
Translation
कथा सबाधः शशमानोऽस्य दीध्यानोऽभि द्रविणं नशेत्? देवो भूत्वा ऋतानां वेद; नमो जगृभ्वान् यद् जुजोषत्—यद् अर्पयति तस्मिन् स अनुगृह्यताम्।
Word by Word
कथाhow?
कथा:
Adhikaraṇa (प्रकार/रीति-निर्देशः)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथा (avyaya-prātipadika)
स-बाधःwith oppression/constraint; hard-pressed
स-बाधः:
Kartā (as predicate to the subject ‘he’)
TypeAdjective
Rootबाध (prātipadika; from √बाध् ‘to press, afflict’)
शशमानःstriving, exerting himself
शशमानः:
Kartā (agent-participle qualifying the subject)
TypeVerb (participle)
Root√शम् (intensive/reduplicated present stem शशम्; ‘to exert oneself, strive/quiet’)
अस्यof him/this
अस्य:
Sambandha (genitive relation)
TypePronoun
Rootइदम् (sarvanāman)
नशत्reached, attained
नशत्:
Kriyā (finite verb of the clause)
TypeVerb
Root√नश् (to reach, attain)
अभिtowards, upon
अभि:
— (verb-modifier)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअभि (upasarga)
द्रविणम्wealth, treasure
द्रविणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootद्रविण (prātipadika)
दीध्यानःpondering, intent in thought
दीध्यानः:
Kartā (agent-participle qualifying the subject)
TypeVerb (participle)
Root√ध्यै/√ध्या (Vedic: √धी ‘to think, meditate’; desiderative/intensive nuance)
देवःthe god
देवः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootदेव (prātipadika)
भुवन्being, becoming
भुवन्:
Kartā (qualifier of ‘देवः’)
TypeVerb (participle)
Root√भू (to be, become)
अवेदाfound, came to know
अवेदा:
Kriyā
TypeVerb
Root√विद् (to know, find)
मेfor me; to me
मे:
Sampradāna (beneficiary/for me) / Sambandha (my) (contextual)
TypePronoun
Rootअहम् (sarvanāman)
ऋतानाम्of the truths/ṛta-orders
ऋतानाम्:
Sambandha (genitive dependent on ‘अवेदा’/‘नवेदा’ sense: ‘of the ṛtas’)
TypeNoun
Rootऋत (prātipadika)
नमःreverence, homage
नमः:
Karma (what is ‘taken/received’)
TypeNoun
Rootनमस् (prātipadika)
जगृभ्वान्having grasped/taken
जगृभ्वान्:
Kartā (qualifying the subject)
TypeVerb (participle)
Root√ग्रह् (to seize, take) with reduplication (perf./aor. participial base)
अभिtowards, upon
अभि:
— (verb-modifier)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअभि (upasarga)
यत्which, what
यत्:
Karma (object of ‘जुजोṣत्’)
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (relative pronoun)
जुजोṣत्was pleased with; accepted
जुजोṣत्:
Kriyā
TypeVerb
Root√जुष् (to enjoy, be pleased with, accept)
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