Rig Veda 4.2.12: Mandala 4, Sukta 2, Mantra 12
Sukta 4.2
Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama
Devata: Agni
Chandas: Tr̥ṣṭubh (probable)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
कविं शशासुः कवयोऽदब्धा निधारयन्तो दुर्यास्वायोः । अतस्त्वं दृश्याँ अग्न एतान्पड्भिः पश्येरद्भुताँ अर्य एवैः ॥
Transliteration
kavím śaśāsuḥ kaváyo’ dábdhā ni-dhā́rayanto dúryāsv āyóḥ | átás tváṃ dṛ́śyāṃ agne etā́n paṭ-bhíḥ paśyér ádbhūtāṃ arya éváiḥ ||
Translation
अदब्धाः कवयः कविं शशासुः, आयोः दुर्यासु तं निधारयन्तः। अतस्त्वं, हे अग्ने, एतान् दृश्यान् अद्भुतान् पद्भिः पश्य; गत्यैव त्वम् आर्यः।
Word by Word
कविम्the seer/poet
कविम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootकवि (प्रातिपदिक)
शशासुःthey have instructed/they have praised
शशासुः:
कर्तृ
TypeVerb
Root√शास् (शास्/शिष्) ‘to instruct, to praise/command’
कवयःthe seers/poets
कवयः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootकवि (प्रातिपदिक)
अदब्धाःundeceived, uninjured, unerring
अदब्धाः:
कर्तृ
TypeAdjective
Rootअ-दब्ध (√दभ् ‘to deceive/harm’ + नञ्)
निधारयन्तःplacing, establishing
निधारयन्तः:
कर्तृ
TypeVerb (participle)
Rootनि-√धृ ‘to place, to fix, to set’
दुर्यासुin the dwellings/houses
दुर्यासु:
अधिकारण
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्या (दुर्- + या/य ‘going; dwelling’ → ‘house, dwelling’)
आयोःof life; of vital power
आयोः:
सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootआयु (प्रातिपदिक) ‘life, vital force’
अतःtherefore; from that
अतः:
हेतु/सम्बन्ध (तस्मात्)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअतः (अस्/इदम्-तस्) अव्यय
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
कर्तृ
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
दृश्यान्visible; to-be-seen
दृश्यान्:
कर्म
TypeAdjective
Rootदृश्य (√दृश् ‘to see’ → ‘visible, to be seen’)
अग्नेO Agni
अग्ने:
सम्बोधन
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)
एतान्these
एतान्:
कर्म
TypePronoun
Rootएतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
पड्भिःwith (your) steps/feet
पड्भिः:
करण
TypeNoun
Rootपद् (प्रातिपदिक) ‘foot/step’
पश्येःmay you see
पश्येः:
कर्तृ
TypeVerb
Root√पश्/√पश्य् ‘to see’
अद्भुतान्wonderful, marvelous
अद्भुतान्:
कर्म
TypeAdjective
Rootअद्भुत (प्रातिपदिक)
अर्यःthe noble one; Arya
अर्यः:
कर्तृ/सम्बन्ध (apposition to त्वम्)
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootअर्य (प्रातिपदिक)
एवैःindeed, just so (emphatic particle)
एवैः:
सम्बन्ध/निपातार्थ (emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable (particle cluster)
Rootएव (निपात) + ए (प्रगृह्य/वैदिक-प्रयोग) → ‘एवैः’ (वैदिक पाठ)
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