Rig Veda 4.2.1: Mandala 4, Sukta 2, Mantra 1
Sukta 4.2
Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama (traditional attribution for RV 4.2)
Devata: Agni
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable for RV 4.2; this verse conforms to Triṣṭubh cadence)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
यो मर्त्येष्वमृत ऋतावा देवो देवेष्वरतिर्निधायि । होता यजिष्ठो मह्ना शुचध्यै हव्यैरग्निर्मनुष ईरयध्यै ॥
Transliteration
yó martyeṣv amṛ́ta ṛtā́vā devó devéṣv aratír nidhā́yi | hotā́ yájiṣṭho mahnā́ śucádhyai havyáir agnír mánuṣa īrayádhyai ||
Translation
यो मर्त्येष्वमृत ऋतावा देवो देवेष्वरतिर् निधायि। होता यजिष्ठो मह्ना शुचध्यै हव्यैरग्निर्मनुष ईरयध्यै॥
Word by Word
यःwho
यः:
सम्बन्ध/विशेष्य-निर्देशक (यः = ‘who’)
TypePronoun
Rootयद्- (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
मर्त्येषुamong mortals
मर्त्येषु:
अधिकरण (among/in mortals)
TypeNoun
Rootमर्त्य-
अमृतःimmortal
अमृतः:
कर्तृ (apposition to देवः)
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootअमृत-
ऋतावाpossessing ṛta / true to cosmic order
ऋतावा:
कर्तृ (apposition to देवः)
TypeAdjective
Rootऋतावन्- (ऋत + वन्)
देवःthe god (Agni)
देवः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootदेव-
देवेषुamong the gods
देवेषु:
अधिकरण (among the gods)
TypeNoun
Rootदेव-
अरतिःunfailing one / not negligent
अरतिः:
कर्तृ/विशेषणभाव (as ‘one who is not slack’, i.e., unremitting)
TypeNoun
Rootअरति-
निधायिwas set/placed
निधायि:
क्रिया (predicate of the relative clause)
TypeVerb
Rootनि-धा (धातु: धा ‘to place’)
होताHotṛ-priest / invoker
होता:
कर्तृ (apposition to अग्निः)
TypeNoun
Rootहोतृ-
यजिष्ठःmost worshipful / best sacrificer
यजिष्ठः:
कर्तृ-विशेषण
TypeAdjective
Rootयजिष्ठ- (superlative from यज्/यज्य ‘to worship/sacrifice’)
मह्नाby greatness / by might
मह्ना:
करण (by/with greatness)
TypeNoun
Rootमघन्/महन्- (instr. ‘by greatness, might’)
शुचध्यैto shine / to be pure (as purpose)
शुचध्यै:
प्रयोजन (in order to shine/be pure/bright)
TypeVerbal noun / Infinitive-like form
Rootशुचधि- (Vedic adj. ‘bright-minded/pure-minded’; here as infinitival purpose-form)
हव्यैःwith oblations
हव्यैः:
करण (with oblations)
TypeNoun
Rootहव्य-
अग्निःAgni
अग्निः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि-
मनुषेfor man / for mankind
मनुषे:
सम्प्रदान (for the man / for mankind)
TypeNoun
Rootमनुष्य-/मनु- (human; ‘for man’)
ईरयध्यैto rouse/impel (as purpose)
ईरयध्यै:
प्रयोजन (in order to rouse/impel)
TypeVerb (infinitive/purpose)
Rootईरय् (causative of √ईर/√इर ‘to set in motion, rouse’)
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