Rig Veda 4.18.9: Mandala 4, Sukta 18, Mantra 9
Sukta 4.18
Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama
Devata: Indra
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; verify in critical edition)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
ममच्चन ते मघवन्व्यंसो निविविध्वाँ अप हनू जघान । अधा निविद्ध उत्तरो बभूवाञ्छिरो दासस्य सं पिणग्वधेन ॥
Transliteration
mámac ca ná te maghavan vyáṃso ni-vividhvā́m̐ ápa hanū́ jaghā́na | ádhā ni-viddhá uttáro babhūvān chíro dāsásya sám piṇag vadhéna ||
Translation
ममच्चन ते मघवन् व्यंसो निविविध्वान् अप हनू जघान। अधा निविद्ध उत्तरो बभूवाञ्छिरो दासस्य सं पिणग्वधेन॥
Word by Word
ममof me / my
मम:
सम्बन्ध (possessive/genitival)
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
चand
च:
समुच्चय (connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (निपात)
नnot
न:
निषेध
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (निपात)
तेof you / your
ते:
सम्बन्ध (possessive/genitival)
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
मघवन्O bountiful one (Indra)
मघवन्:
सम्बोधन
TypeNoun (vocative epithet)
Rootमघवन् (प्रातिपदिक; इन्द्र-विशेषण)
व्यंसःthe openings / gaps / apertures
व्यंसः:
कर्तृ (of the following verb, as subject)
TypeNoun
Rootव्यंस (प्रातिपदिक)
निविविध्वान्having pierced/bored (down)
निविविध्वान्:
कर्तृ (agent-participle referring to Indra)
TypeVerb (participial)
Root√विध् (विधँ—‘to pierce, to bore’) + नि- (उपसर्ग)
अपaway / off
अप:
क्रियाविशेषण (directional)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअप (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
हनूthe two jaws
हनू:
कर्म (object)
TypeNoun
Rootहनु (प्रातिपदिक)
जघानhe struck / smote
जघान:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√हन् (हनँ—‘to strike, slay’)
अधthen / thereafter
अध:
सम्बन्ध/अनुक्रम (discourse particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअध (निपात)
निविद्धःpierced / bored
निविद्धः:
कर्तृ-विशेषण (predicate/qualifier of ‘उत्तरो’)
TypeVerb (past participle)
Root√विध् + नि- (उपसर्ग)
उत्तरःthe upper (one)
उत्तरः:
कर्तृ (subject of ‘बभूव’)
TypeAdjective (substantivized)
Rootउत्तर (प्रातिपदिक)
बभूवbecame
बभूव:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√भू (भू—‘to be, become’)
आन्(emphatic/particle)
आन्:
क्रियाविशेषण (emphatic/augmenting)
TypeIndeclinable (enclitic particle with preverb)
Rootआ (उपसर्ग) + न् (निपातिक-अनुबन्ध; here as enclitic with participle)
छिरःthe head
छिरः:
कर्म (object)
TypeNoun
Rootशिरस् (प्रातिपदिक)
दासस्यof the Dāsa (enemy)
दासस्य:
सम्बन्ध (possessive/genitival)
TypeNoun
Rootदास (प्रातिपदिक)
सम्together / completely
सम्:
क्रियाविशेषण (completive)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसम् (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
पिणग्वhe crushed / shattered
पिणग्व:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√पिणग्/पिङ्ग् (वेदिक; ‘to crush, break, shatter’)
अधेनwith a blow / by a stroke
अधेन:
करण (instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootअध (प्रातिपदिक; ‘blow/weapon/strike’ in RV usage) / or instrumental of a noun meaning ‘stroke’
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