Rig Veda 3.55.18: Mandala 3, Sukta 55, Mantra 18
Sukta 3.55
Rishi: Viśvāmitra Gāthina (family attribution for Maṇḍala 3)
Devata: Unified divine sovereignty (ekaṃ asuratvam) expressed through the hero-force and its yoked carriers; likely Āditya/solar lordship in synthetic form
Chandas: Triṣṭubh
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
वीरस्य नु स्वश्व्यं जनासः प्र नु वोचाम विदुरस्य देवाः । षोळ्हा युक्ताः पञ्चपञ्चा वहन्ति महद्देवानामसुरत्वमेकम् ॥
Transliteration
vīrásya nú sváśvyaṃ janā́saḥ prá nú vocāma vidúr asya devā́ḥ | ṣóḷhā yuktā́ḥ páñca-pañcā́ vahanti mahád devā́nām asura-tvám ékam ||
Translation
हे जनासः, इदानीं वीरस्य स्वश्व्यं रथीयं सामर्थ्यं वयं प्र वोचाम; तद् देवाः विदुः। षोडश युक्ताः, पञ्च पञ्च च, तद् वहन्ति—देवानां महद् असुरत्वम् एकम्, एकमेव असुरबलम्।
Word by Word
वीरस्यof the hero
वीरस्य:
सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootवीर (प्रातिपदिक)
नुnow; indeed
नु:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनु
स्वश्व्यम्good-horsedness; having good horses
स्वश्व्यम्:
कर्म (object of implied praise/utterance)
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootसु- + अश्व्य (प्रातिपदिक)
जनासःthe people; men
जनासः:
कर्तृ (speaker-group/people as subject in context)
TypeNoun
Rootजन (प्रातिपदिक)
प्रforth; forward
प्र:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्र
नुnow; indeed
नु:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनु
वःto you; for you / of you
वः:
सम्प्रदान/सम्बन्ध (to/for you; your)
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम)
वोचामlet us speak; we would proclaim
वोचाम:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√वच् (वदने)
विदुरस्यof the wise/knower
विदुरस्य:
सम्बन्ध
TypeAdjective/Noun
Rootविदुर (प्रातिपदिक; ‘knowing/wise’)
देवाःthe gods
देवाः:
कर्तृ (of an implied ‘know/are’)
TypeNoun
Rootदेव (प्रातिपदिक)
षोळ्हाsixteenfold; sixteen
षोळ्हा:
विशेषण (of ‘युक्ताः’/‘वहन्ति’)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootषोळ्हा (संख्यावाचक अव्यय)
युक्ताःyoked; harnessed
युक्ताः:
कर्तृ-विशेषण (qualifies the carriers/teams)
TypeParticiple
Root√युज् (योजने) → युक्त (कृदन्त)
पञ्चपञ्चfive and five (in groups of five)
पञ्चपञ्च:
विशेषण (of ‘वहन्ति’/‘युक्ताः’)
TypeNumeral (compound)
Rootपञ्च (संख्या) + पञ्च (संख्या)
वहन्तिthey carry; they convey
वहन्ति:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√वह् (प्रापणे/वहने)
महत्great
महत्:
विशेष्य-भाव (predicate: ‘great’)
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत् (प्रातिपदिक)
देवानाम्of the gods
देवानाम्:
सम्बन्ध
TypeNoun
Rootदेव (प्रातिपदिक)
असुरत्वम्asura-hood; lordly power
असुरत्वम्:
विशेष्य-भाव (that which is ‘one’/‘great’)
TypeNoun (abstract)
Rootअसुरत्व (प्रातिपदिक; असुर + त्व)
एकम्one; single
एकम्:
विशेषण (of ‘असुरत्वम्’)
TypeAdjective/Numeral
Rootएक (प्रातिपदिक)
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