Rig Veda 3.31.4 — Mandala 3, Sukta 31, Mantra 4
Sukta 3.31
Rishi: Viśvāmitra Gāthina (Kauśika) (traditional circle attribution)
Devata: Indra (with Uṣas as attending powers)
Chandas: Triṣṭubh
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
अभि जैत्रीरसचन्त स्पृधानं महि ज्योतिस्तमसो निरजानन् । तं जानतीः प्रत्युदायन्नुषासः पतिर्गवामभवदेक इन्द्रः ॥
Transliteration
abhí jaitrī́r asacanta spṛdhānáṃ máhi jyótiḥ támaso nír ajānan | táṃ jānatī́ḥ práty udā́yann uṣā́sāḥ pátir gávām abhavad éka índraḥ ||
Translation
जैत्र्यः शक्तयः स्पृधानमभ्यसचन्त; तमसो महज्ज्योतिः निरजानन्। तं जानत्य उषासः प्रत्युदायन्; एक एव इन्द्रः गवां (रश्मीनां) पतिरभवत्।
Word by Word
अभिtowards, upon
अभि:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअभि (उपसर्ग)
जैत्रीःthe victorious (fem.), the conquering ones
जैत्रीः:
Kartā
TypeAdjective (used substantively) / Noun
Rootजैत्री- (प्रातिपदिक; √जि ‘to conquer’ से) अथवा जैत्र- ‘victorious’
असचन्तthey joined/attached (themselves)
असचन्त:
—
TypeVerb
Root√सच् (सचँ/सच्) ‘to accompany, join, attach’
स्पृधानम्the rival/contender (one)
स्पृधानम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective / Noun
Rootस्पृधान- (प्रातिपदिक; √स्पृध् ‘to contend, rival’)
महिgreatly, mightily
महि:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमहि (अव्यय; महत्- से)
ज्योतिःlight, radiance
ज्योतिः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootज्योतिस्- (प्रातिपदिक)
तमसःfrom darkness
तमसः:
Apādāna
TypeNoun
Rootतमस्- (प्रातिपदिक)
निरजानन्they brought forth/produced (out)
निरजानन्:
—
TypeVerb
Root√जन् (जनँ) ‘to be born; to produce’ + नि: (उपसर्ग) → ‘to bring forth, generate out’
तम्him
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम)
जानतीःknowing (fem. pl.), the knowing ones
जानतीः:
Kartā
TypeParticiple (adjectival) / Noun
Root√ज्ञा (ज्ञा) ‘to know’ → जानत् (वर्तमान कृदन्त)
प्रतिtowards, in response
प्रति:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्रति (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
उदायन्rising, coming forth
उदायन्:
—
TypeVerb (participle) / Kṛdanta
Root√या (या) ‘to go’ + उद् (उपसर्ग) → उद्-आ-या ‘to go up/come forth’
उषासःthe Dawns
उषासः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootउषस्- (प्रातिपदिक)
पतिःlord, master
पतिः:
Kartā (of ‘अभवत्’) / विधेय
TypeNoun
Rootपति- (प्रातिपदिक)
गवाम्of the cows
गवाम्:
सम्बन्ध (genitive) / षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध
TypeNoun
Rootगो- (प्रातिपदिक)
अभवत्became, was
अभवत्:
—
TypeVerb
Root√भू (भू) ‘to be, become’
एकःalone, single
एकः:
विशेषण (इन्द्रस्य) / Kartā-विशेषण
TypeAdjective
Rootएक- (प्रातिपदिक)
इन्द्रःIndra
इन्द्रः:
Kartā (of ‘अभवत्’)
TypeNoun (proper)
Rootइन्द्र- (प्रातिपदिक)
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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