Rig Veda 3.1.12: Mandala 3, Sukta 1, Mantra 12
Sukta 3.1
Rishi: Viśvāmitra Gāthina
Devata: Agni
Chandas: Triṣṭubh
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
अक्रो न बभ्रिः समिथे महीनां दिदृक्षेयः सूनवे भाऋजीकः । उदुस्रिया जनिता यो जजानापां गर्भो नृतमो यह्वो अग्निः ॥
Transliteration
akró na babhríḥ samithé mahī́nāṃ didṛkṣéyaḥ sūnáve bhā́-ṛjīkaḥ | úd usriyā́ janitā́ yó jajā́nāpā́ṃ gárbho nṛ́tamo yahvó agníḥ ||
Translation
महासमिथे ताम्रवर्णोऽक्र इव शीघ्राश्वः स दिदृक्षेयः भाऋजीकः सू्नवे दीप्तिमान्। उदुस्रियाः समुद्धृतवान्; यो जनिता—अपां गर्भः, नृतमो यह्वोऽग्निः।
Word by Word
अक्रोsharp, keen (as a bull/weapon)
अक्रो:
Kartā (अग्निः का विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootअक्र (प्रातिपदिक) < PIE *h₂eḱ- ‘तीक्ष्ण/वेग’ (वेद. ‘अक्र’ = तीक्ष्ण/अग्र)
नlike, as
न:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (निपात)
बभ्रिःa tawny bull (as a simile)
बभ्रिः:
Kartā (उपमान)
TypeNoun (also used adjectivally)
Rootबभ्रि (प्रातिपदिक; ‘बभ्रु’/‘बभ्रि’ = भूरि/पिङ्गल; वेद. ‘बभ्रिः’ = वृषभ/पिङ्गल)
समिथेin the battle, in the contest
समिथे:
Adhikaraṇa
TypeNoun
Rootसमिध्/समिथ (प्रातिपदिक; ‘समिथ’ = समर/युद्ध)
महीनाम्of the great (powers/ones)
महीनाम्:
सम्बन्ध (समिथे—कस्य? ‘महियों’)
TypeNoun/Adjective (substantivized)
Rootमही (प्रातिपदिक; ‘मह्’/‘महि’ = महान्; ‘मही’ = महती/महान् शक्ति)
दिदृक्षेयःwould wish to see / longs to behold
दिदृक्षेयः:
Kartā (अग्निः—‘देखना चाहे’)
TypeVerb
Rootदृश् (धातु) + सन् (इच्छार्थ) → दिदृक्ष्; रूप: दिदृक्षेयः (इच्छार्थक/आशीर्लिङ्ग-प्राय)
सूनवेfor the son
सूनवे:
Sampradāna
TypeNoun
Rootसूनु (प्रातिपदिक)
भाऋजीकःthe radiant/fiery one (epithet)
भाऋजीकः:
Kartā (अग्निः का विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootभाऋजीक (प्रातिपदिक; अग्नि-विशेषण, ‘भृज्/भर्ज्’ तेजन/दीपन से संबद्ध)
उत्up, forth
उत्:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउत् (उपसर्ग/निपात)
उस्रियाthe dawn-cow / the radiant dawn
उस्रिया:
Kartā (उद्… ‘उस्रिया’)
TypeNoun
Rootउस्रिया (प्रातिपदिक; ‘उसर’/‘उस्र’ = प्रभात/गौ; ‘उस्रिया’ = उषा/गावः)
जनिताthe begetter, progenitor
जनिता:
Kartā (यो…)
TypeNoun (agent)
Rootजन् (धातु) → जनितृ/जनिता (कर्तृवाचक)
यःwho
यः:
Kartā (संबन्ध-प्रवर्तक)
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
जजानhas begotten, has produced
जजान:
Kartā
TypeVerb
Rootजन् (धातु)
अपाम्of the waters
अपाम्:
सम्बन्ध (गर्भः—कस्य?)
TypeNoun
Rootअप् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘आपः’)
गर्भःembryo, womb, hidden germ
गर्भः:
Kartā/विशेष्य (अग्निः = ‘अपां गर्भः’)
TypeNoun
Rootगर्भ (प्रातिपदिक)
नlike, as
न:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (निपात)
नृतमःmost manly / best among men
नृतमः:
Kartā (अग्निः का विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootनृतम (प्रातिपदिक; नृ + तमप् ‘श्रेष्ठ’)
यह्वःimpetuous, mighty
यह्वः:
Kartā (अग्निः का विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootयह्व (प्रातिपदिक; वेद. ‘यह्व’ = वेगवान्/प्रचण्ड/यज्ञीय)
अग्निःAgni (fire-god)
अग्निः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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