Rig Veda 10.31.5: Mandala 10, Sukta 31, Mantra 5
Sukta 10.31
Rishi: Kavaṣa Ailūṣa (traditional attribution for RV 10.31; uncertain across recensions)
Devata: Enigmatic cosmogonic powers; dawn-illumination and plenitude (often read with the Angiras/illuminer motif rather than a single named deity)
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (11-syllable pādas; typical of RV 10 speculative hymns)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
इयं सा भूया उषसामिव क्षा यद्ध क्षुमन्तः शवसा समायन् । अस्य स्तुतिं जरितुर्भिक्षमाणा आ नः शग्मास उप यन्तु वाजाः ॥
Transliteration
iyáṃ sā bhū́yā uṣásām iva kṣā́ yád dha kṣú-mantaḥ śávasā sam-ā́yan | asyá stutíṃ jaritúr bhíkṣamāṇā ā́ naḥ śagmā́sa úpa yantu vā́jāḥ ||
Translation
इयं सा भूयाद् उषसामिव क्षा, यद्ध क्षुमन्तः शवसा समायन्। अस्य स्तुतिं जरितुर्भिक्षमाणाः, आ नः शग्मास उप यन्तु वाजाः॥
Word by Word
इयम्this (she/this one)
इयम्:
Kartā
TypePronoun
Rootइदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
साthat (she)
सा:
Kartā
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
भूयाःmay I be / may it be (for me)
भूयाः:
(वाक्य-क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootभू (धातु) → भूयास् (आशीर्लिङ्/विधिलिङ् रूप)
उषसाम्of the dawns
उषसाम्:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootउषस् (प्रातिपदिक)
इवlike, as
इव:
(उपमान-सूचक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
क्षाःthe earth / the ground
क्षाः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootक्षा (प्रातिपदिक; ‘earth/ground’, वैदिक) अथवा क्षा- (स्त्री)
यत्which, that which
यत्:
(सम्बन्ध/अन्वय)
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
हindeed, surely
ह:
(निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootह
क्षुमन्तःrich in nourishment/strength
क्षुमन्तः:
Kartā
TypeAdjective
Rootक्षुमन्त् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘abounding in food/strength’)
शवसाby (their) might
शवसा:
Karaṇa
TypeNoun
Rootशवस् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘might, power’)
सम्together, completely
सम्:
(क्रिया-विशेषक)
TypeIndeclinable (preverb)
Rootसम्
आयन्they came / went toward
आयन्:
(वाक्य-क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootइ (धातु ‘to go’) + आ (उपसर्ग) → आ-यन्
अस्यof this (one)
अस्य:
Sambandha
TypePronoun
Rootइदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
स्तुतिम्praise, hymn
स्तुतिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootस्तुति (प्रातिपदिक)
जरितुःof the singer/praiser
जरितुः:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootजरितृ (प्रातिपदिक; ‘singer, praiser’)
भिक्षमाणाbegging, seeking
भिक्षमाणा:
Kartā
TypeParticiple
Rootभिक्ष् (धातु ‘to beg’) → भिक्षमाण (वर्त. कृदन्त)
आhither, toward
आ:
(आह्वान/आगमन)
TypeIndeclinable (preverb)
Rootआ
नःto us / for us
नः:
Sampradāna
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
शग्मासःbeneficent, helpful
शग्मासः:
Kartā
TypeAdjective
Rootशग्म (प्रातिपदिक; ‘helpful, beneficent, strong’)
उपnear, unto
उप:
(क्रिया-विशेषक)
TypeIndeclinable (preverb)
Rootउप
यन्तुlet them come
यन्तु:
(वाक्य-क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootया (धातु ‘to go’)
वाजाःprizes/boons, gains
वाजाः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootवाज (प्रातिपदिक; ‘prize, booty; strength; food’)
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