Rig Veda 10.154.2: Mandala 10, Sukta 154, Mantra 2
Sukta 10.154
Devata: The accomplished ones (tapasvins) in the Yama/Pitṛ context; implicitly Yama as guide across the hymn
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
तपसा ये अनाधृष्यास्तपसा ये स्वर्ययुः । तपो ये चक्रिरे महस्ताँश्चिदेवापि गच्छतात् ॥
Transliteration
tápasā yé anādhṛ́ṣyās tápasā yé svàr yayúḥ | tápo yé cakriré máhas tā́ṃś cid evā́pi gacchatāt ||
Translation
ये तपसा अनाधृष्याः, ये तपसा स्वर्लोकं ययुः, ये च तपसा महत् अचक्रिरे—तान् एव सः अपि गच्छतात्; तान् एव प्राप्नुयात्॥
Word by Word
तपसाby/with austerity, by tapas
तपसा:
करण
TypeNoun
Rootतपस् (प्रातिपदिक) < √तप् (तप् ‘तप्/उष्णीकरणे, तपस्या’)
येwho (those who)
ये:
Kartā
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
अनाधृष्याःunassailable, unconquerable
अनाधृष्याः:
Kartā
TypeAdjective
Rootअनाधृष्य (प्रातिपदिक; न- + आ-√धृष् ‘धर्षणे/अभिभवे’ → ‘अधृष्य’ ‘to be overpowered’)
तपसाby austerity
तपसा:
करण
TypeNoun
Rootतपस् (प्रातिपदिक) < √तप्
येwho
ये:
Kartā
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
स्वर्ययुःheaven-going, going to the sun/heaven
स्वर्ययुः:
Kartā
TypeAdjective
Rootस्वर्ययु (प्रातिपदिक; स्वर् ‘स्वर्ग/प्रकाश’ + ययु ‘going’ < √या ‘गत्यर्थ’)
तपःtapas (austerity)
तपः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतपस् (प्रातिपदिक) < √तप्
येwho
ये:
Kartā
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
चand
च:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (निपात)
चक्रिरेthey have done/made, they performed
चक्रिरे:
—
TypeVerb
Root√कृ (करणे) — वैदिक आत्मनेपद-परस्मैपदभेदेषु; लिट्
महत्the great (deed/thing), greatness
महत्:
Karma
TypeAdjective (used substantively) / Noun-like
Rootमहत् (प्रातिपदिक) < √मह् ‘वृद्धौ/महत्त्वे’
तान्those (them)
तान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
चित्indeed, even
चित्:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootचित् (निपात)
एवjust, precisely
एव:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (निपात)
अपिalso, even
अपि:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (निपात)
गच्छतात्let him go/attain (may he reach)
गच्छतात्:
—
TypeVerb
Root√गम् (गत्यर्थ)
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