Rig Veda 10.111.2: Mandala 10, Sukta 111, Mantra 2
Sukta 10.111
Devata: Indra (vṛṣabha; associated epithet Gāṛṣṭeya)
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; requires pada-count verification)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
ऋतस्य हि सदसो धीतिरद्यौत्सं गार्ष्टेयो वृषभो गोभिरानट् । उदतिष्ठत्तविषेणा रवेण महान्ति चित्सं विव्याचा रजांसि ॥
Transliteration
ṛtásya hí sádaso dhītír ádyaut sáṃ gāṛṣṭeyó vṛṣabhó góbhir ānaṭ | úd atiṣṭhat taviṣéṇā ráveṇa mahā́nti cit sáṃ vivyāca rájāṃsi ||
Translation
ऋतस्य हि सदसि सत्ये धीतिरद्यौत्; गार्ष्टेयो वृषभो गोभिरानट्। उदतिष्ठत्तविषेण रवेण, महान्ति चित् सन् विव्याचा रजांसि।
Word by Word
ऋतस्यof ṛta (cosmic order)
ऋतस्य:
सम्बन्ध (genitive relation) / अधिकरण-सम्बन्धः (with सदसः)
TypeNoun
Rootऋत (प्रातिपदिक) < √ऋ (गतौ/ऋ- ‘to go, to fit’; semantic ‘cosmic order, truth’)
हिindeed, for
हि:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (निपात)
सदसःof the seat/assembly
सदसः:
सम्बन्ध (with धीतिः)
TypeNoun
Rootसदस् (प्रातिपदिक) < √सद् (सीदति) ‘to sit’ → ‘assembly, seat, session’
धीतिःthought, insight, hymn-thought
धीतिः:
कर्तृ/विषय (subject)
TypeNoun
Rootधीति (प्रातिपदिक) < √धी (धी- ‘to think, to perceive’)
अद्यtoday, now
अद्य:
अधिकरण (काल)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअद्य (अव्यय)
औत्सम्spring-born / from the source (epithet)
औत्सम्:
कर्म (qualifying object वृृषभम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootऔत्स (विशेषण-प्रातिपदिक; ‘उत्स-सम्बद्ध’ < उत्स ‘spring, source’)
गा॑र्ष्टेयःGārṣṭeya (a patronymic/descendant of Gārṣṭi)
गा॑र्ष्टेयः:
कर्तृ (agent; apposition to वृृषभः)
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootगा॑र्ष्टेय (विशेषण/नाम; patronymic from गार्ष्टि/गृष्टि; ‘of Gārṣṭi/descendant’)
वृषभःthe bull (strong one)
वृषभः:
कर्तृ (agent of आनट्)
TypeNoun
Rootवृषभ (प्रातिपदिक) < √वृष् ‘to rain, to be strong’ → ‘bull’
गोभिःwith cows / with rays (as means)
गोभिः:
करण (instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootगो (प्रातिपदिक) ‘cow; ray; cattle’
आनट्roared, sounded forth
आनट्:
क्रिया (of the subject वृषभः)
TypeVerb
Root√नट्/नद् (Vedic: ‘to sound, roar’; perfect/aorist-like injunctive usage) with preverb आ-
उद्up, forth
उद्:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउद् (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
अतिष्ठत्stood up, arose
अतिष्ठत्:
क्रिया (same agent as prior clause, implicit)
TypeVerb
Root√स्था ‘to stand’ (with उद्)
तविषेणwith might, by strength
तविषेण:
करण (instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootतविष (प्रातिपदिक) ‘strength, might’
रवेणwith a roar
रवेण:
करण (instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootरव (प्रातिपदिक) ‘roar, sound’
महान्तिgreat
महान्ति:
कर्म-विशेषण (qualifier of object)
TypeAdjective
Rootमहन्त् (विशेषण-प्रातिपदिक) ‘great’
चित्even, indeed
चित्:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootचित् (निपात)
सम्together, completely
सम्:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसम् (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
विव्याचspread out, extended
विव्याच:
क्रिया (agent implicit: the bull/subject)
TypeVerb
Root√व्यच्/विच् (Vedic: ‘to extend, spread, pervade’) with preverb वि-; reduplicated perfect
रजांसिthe regions/spaces
रजांसि:
कर्म (object of विव्याच)
TypeNoun
Rootरजस् (प्रातिपदिक) ‘space, region; dust; atmosphere’
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