Rig Veda 1.8.4: Mandala 1, Sukta 8, Mantra 4
Sukta 1.8
Rishi: Madhucchandas Vaiśvāmitra (traditional ascription for RV 1.1–1.11; applied here by continuity of the early Mandala 1 opening set)
Devata: Indra
Chandas: Gāyatrī (3 pādas of 8 syllables; RV 1.8 is classically in Gāyatrī addressing Indra)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
वयं शूरेभिरस्तृभिरिन्द्र त्वया युजा वयम् । सासह्याम पृतन्यतः ॥
Transliteration
vayáṃ śūrébhir astṛ́bhir índra tváyā yujā́ vayám | sāsahyā́ma pṛtanyatáḥ ||
Translation
वयं शूरैः अनस्तृभिः शक्तिभिः सह, हे इन्द्र, त्वया युजा—त्वां युगसखायं कृत्वा—यः अस्मान् प्रति पृतन्यते तान् सासह्याम।
Word by Word
वयम्we
वयम्:
कर्तृ
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
शूरेभिःwith/through heroes
शूरेभिः:
करण
TypeNoun
Rootशूर (प्रातिपदिक)
अस्तृभिःwith the unyielding/steadfast ones
अस्तृभिः:
करण
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootअस्तृ (प्रातिपदिक; RV-विशेषण/नाम)
इन्द्रO Indra
इन्द्र:
सम्बोधन
TypeNoun (Vocative)
Rootइन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)
त्वयाwith you
त्वया:
करण
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
युजाas companion/ally
युजा:
करण
TypeNoun
Rootयुज् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘yoke/companion’)
वयम्we
वयम्:
कर्तृ
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
सासह्यामmay we overcome / prevail
सासह्याम:
क्रिया
TypeVerb (archaic Vedic form)
Rootसह् (धातु) + सासह्य (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक, desiderative/perfective sense in RV) अथवा √सह्-लिट्/आशीर्लिङ्-प्रयोग (RV-आर्चैिक)
पृतन्यतःof the hostile (foe) / of the one who fights
पृतन्यतः:
अपादान (यस्य विरुद्धं)
TypeAdjective/Participle
Rootपृतन्यत् (प्रातिपदिक; √पृतन्/पृतना ‘battle’ से; ‘fighting/hostile’)
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