Rig Veda 1.150.2: Mandala 1, Sukta 150, Mantra 2

Sukta 1.150

Devata

Agni

Rasa

Vira (heroism) and Raudra (fury)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

व्यनिनस्य धनिनः प्रहोषे चिदररुषः । कदा चन प्रजिगतो अदेवयोः ॥

Recitation with translationRig Veda 1.150.2

Transliteration

vy aninásya dhanínaḥ prahóṣe cid áraruṣaḥ | kadā́ cana prají-gato ádeva-yoḥ ||

Translation

त्वं कृपणं च शत्रुं धनिनं च व्यपनिनस्य; तेषां प्रहोषेऽपि त्वं प्रतिदहसि। कदाचन त्वं न प्रजिगतोऽदेवयोः—यौ देवकर्म न प्रतिजानाते।

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Word by Word

व्य॑निनस्य॑

of the resounding/roaring (one)Adjective · पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचनRole सम्बन्ध (genitive qualifier) · Root व्यनिन (प्रातिपदिक; ‘व्यनिन’ = ध्वनिमान्/निनादवान्) < √नद्/√निन (ध्वनौ) (वैदिक-ध्वन्यर्थ-सम्बन्ध)

धनिनः

of the wealthy/possessor of wealthNoun · पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचनRole सम्बन्ध (genitive qualifier) · Root धनिन् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘धन’ + इन्-प्रत्यय)

प्रहोषे

in the great rejoicing/at the loud celebrationNoun · पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग (वैदिक-प्रयोग), सप्तमी, एकवचनRole अधिकरण (locative) · Root प्रहोष (प्रातिपदिक; ‘प्र-’ + होष/होषा ‘हर्ष/उत्सव/आह्लाद’ वैदिक)

चित्

even/indeedIndeclinable · अव्ययRole निपात (emphasis) · Root चित् (निपात/अव्यय)

अररुषः

the ruddy/gleaming oneAdjective · पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचनRole विशेषण (of an implied subject, e.g., अग्नि/इन्द्र etc.) · Root अररुष (प्रातिपदिक; ‘अररुष’ = अरुणवर्ण/दीप्त/रक्ताभ)

कदा

when?Indeclinable · अव्ययRole काल-अधिकरण (interrogative time) · Root कदा (प्रश्न-अव्यय)

चन

ever/at allIndeclinable · अव्ययRole निपात (emphasis/indefiniteness) · Root चन (निपात; ‘च’ + न = ‘ever/at all’)

प्रजिगतः

has advanced/has come forthVerb (finite, Vedic perfect-like form) / adjectival participial usage · परस्मैपद, प्रथमा, एकवचन (कर्तरि; रूपं वैदिकम्—‘has come forth/has advanced’)Role कर्तृ-क्रिया (predicate of the subject) · Root प्र-√जि/√गम् (वैदिक रूप; ‘प्रजिगत’ = ‘प्र + जिगत’ परिपूर्ण/आगमन-भाव)

अदेवयोः

of the two ungodly/without devotion to the godsAdjective (used substantively) · पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी/सप्तमी, द्विवचन (वैदिक-सम्भाव्य; contextually genitive dual ‘of the godless two’)Role सम्बन्ध (genitive; with implied comparison/contrast) · Root अदेवयु (प्रातिपदिक; अ- + देवयु ‘देव-इच्छु/देव-भक्त’)

Sandhi Notes

• पदच्छेद (sandhi-resolved): व्यनिनस्य | धनिनः | प्रहोषे | चित् | अररुषः | कदा | चन | प्रजिगतः | अदेवयोः । विशेष: ‘कदा चन’ = ‘when ever/at any time’ (निपात-समासवत्)
• ‘प्रजिगतः’ वैदिक-रूप (परिपूर्ण/परफेक्ट-सदृश) — धात्वर्थः ‘प्र + गम्/जि’ ‘to go/advance’
• ‘अदेवयोः’ द्विवचन-षष्ठी (वैदिक) — ‘of the two ungodly’ (द्वौ जनौ/पक्षौ)

The meaning

Outer meaning

Agni drives apart the niggard and hostile possessor; even amid their loud triumph he blazes against them; he never goes forward with the godless pair.

Inner meaning

Agni separates the consciousness from forces of refusal: the ‘niggard’ (aninasya) is the part that withholds energy from the divine work; the ‘hostile possessor’ (dhaninaḥ) is the ego that clings to its vital hoardings and claims. Even when these forces seem to ‘triumph loudly’ (prahoṣe), the inner flame protests—conscience and truth-fire burn against them. Agni does not advance with the ‘adevayoḥ’—the twin movements of denial and disbelief in the divine working—so progress requires choosing the divine side consistently.

Universal truth

Spiritual growth depends on refusing collaboration with inner denial and possessiveness; the true will actively discriminates and separates us from these forces, even when they appear successful.

Themes

repulsion of hostile forces, purification, anti-darkness polemic, inner moral psychology

The seer

Rishi

Dīrghatamas Aucathya (traditional attribution for RV 1.150)

Lineage

Aucathya

Other hymns

Rig Veda 1.150

Family tradition

Emphasizes discernment (viveka) within the sacrificial psychology—separating divine from undivine movements.

Significance

A mantra of inner ethics: Agni as the purifier who refuses alliance with denial and possessiveness.

The deity

Devata

Agni

Epithets

araruṣa (fiercely bright), separator/driver-apart (vi… aninasya)

Related deities

Indra (slayer of Vṛtra—parallel function), Varuṇa (moral law)

Cosmic role

Protector of ṛta by burning obstacles and rejecting the undivine.

Inner power

Discriminating flame: exposes self-deception, breaks the hold of hoarding and hostility.

In ritual

Where it is used

Protective/clearing invocation in Agni worship; used to repel hostile influences before offerings.

Accents and Padapatha

Chandas Analysis

Key Symbols

Ritual Application

Etymology

Philosophical Concepts

Vedic Cosmology

Natural Symbolism

Academic Analysis

Yogic Application

Chanting Notes