Valmiki Ramayana 2.75.46 — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 75, Shloka 46

अयोध्याकाण्डे पञ्चसप्ततितमः सर्गः

Sarga 75: Bharata and Kausalya—Reproach, Oaths, and Reconciliation

Devanagari script

देवतानां पित्रूणां च मातापित्रोस्तथैव च।मा स्म कार्षीत्स शुश्रूषां यस्यार्योऽनुमते गतः।।।।

Transliteration

devatānāṃ pitṝṇāṃ ca mātā-pitros tathaiva ca | mā sma kārṣīt sa śuśrūṣāṃ yasyāryo 'numate gataḥ ||

Translation

देवतापितृमातापित्रादीनां शुश्रूषां स मा स्म कार्षीत्, यस्य अनुमत्या मम आर्यः भ्राता वनं गतः।

Word by Word

• devatānām: of the gods / to the gods (service)
• devatānām: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: devatā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Genitive (षष्ठी), Plural (बहुवचन)

• pitr̥ṇām: of the ancestors
• pitr̥ṇām: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pitr̥ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (षष्ठी), Plural (बहुवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चयः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय)

• mātā-pitroḥ: of the parents
• mātā-pitroḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mātṛ (प्रातिपदिक) + pitr̥ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Dual compound (द्वन्द्व), Genitive (षष्ठी), Dual (द्विवचन); 'of mother and father'

• tathā: likewise
• tathā: Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषणम्)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (क्रियाविशेषण-अव्यय)

• eva: indeed/just
• eva: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: Emphatic particle (निपातः)

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चयः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय)

• mā: do not
• mā: Nishedha (निषेधः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: mā (अव्यय)
• Form: Prohibitive particle (निषेधार्थक निपातः)

• sma: indeed (in prohibition)
• sma: Nishedha (निषेधः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sma (अव्यय)
• Form: Emphatic particle (निपातः) with prohibition

• kārṣīt: should do
• kārṣīt: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: kṛ (धातु)
• Form: Aorist (लुङ्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपदम); with mā: 'should not do'

• saḥ: he
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• śuśrūṣām: service/attendance
• śuśrūṣām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śuśrūṣā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); object of kārṣīt

• yasya: whose
• yasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन)

• āryaḥ: the noble one
• āryaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ārya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• anumate: with approval
• anumate: Hetu (हेतुः)
• Type: Verb
• Root: anu+man (धातु)
• Form: Locative (सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन) of 'anumata' (कृत्: क्त) used adverbially: 'with consent'

• gataḥ: gone (exiled)
• gataḥ: Visheshana (विशेषणम्)
• Type: Verb
• Root: gam (धातु)
• Form: Past active participle (कृत्: क्त), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

Context

May the one who counselled the exile of my esteemed brother, acquire the sin in the same way as a person who fails to show obedience to the gods and the ancestors and to serve his parents!

Characters & Entities

• Gods (devatāḥ)
• Ancestors (pitaraḥ)
• Rama (āryaḥ, implied)
• Bharata (speaker, implied)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is anchored in reverence and service to gods, ancestors, and parents; neglect of these is portrayed as a profound moral failing.

What is the narrative situation?

Bharata condemns the enabler of Rama’s exile by wishing upon him the loss of foundational duties and piety.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Filial and sacred duty as a measure of character—Bharata’s moral universe places service (śuśrūṣā) at the center of righteousness.