Rig Veda 4.21.7: Mandala 4, Sukta 21, Mantra 7

Sukta 4.21

Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama (traditional attribution for Maṇḍala 4)

Devata: Indra

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable for RV 4.21; confirm by metrical count in a critical edition)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

सत्रा यदीं भार्वरस्य वृष्णः सिषक्ति शुष्मः स्तुवते भराय । गुहा यदीमौशिजस्य गोहे प्र यद्धिये प्रायसे मदाय ॥

Recitation with translationRig Veda 4.21.7

Transliteration

satrā yad īṃ bhārvarásya vṛ́ṣṇaḥ síṣakti śúṣmaḥ stuvaté bhárāya | guhā́ yad īm auśijásya góhe prá yád dhiyé práyase mádāya ||

Translation

Когда непрестанно яростная сила Быка (Индры) впрягается для Бхарвары — для несущего, что воспевает, — тогда, хотя он сокрыт в пещере коровника Аушиджи, он выступает вперёд: для мысли, для устремлённого натиска, для экстаза свершения.

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Word by Word

• सत्रा: always, altogether
• सत्रा: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सत्रा (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक) < सत्/सत्य (PIE *h₁es- ‘to be’)

• यत्: when/that
• यत्: Karma (यदा-सम्बन्धे ‘when/that’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• ईम्: him (enclitic)
• ईम्: Karma (सर्वनाम-प्रत्ययार्थे ‘him’)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ईम् (निपात/अव्यय)

• भार्वरस्य: of Bhārvara (a patronymic/epithet)
• भार्वरस्य: सम्बन्ध (genitive)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: भार्वर (प्रातिपदिक; विशेषण/नाम)

• वृष्णः: of the bull/strong one
• वृष्णः: सम्बन्ध (genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृषन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• सिषक्ति: attaches, joins, harnesses
• सिषक्ति: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: सच् (धातु; Vedic present with reduplication: सि-षक्-ति)

• शुष्मः: (his) might, vigor
• शुष्मः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: शुष्म (प्रातिपदिक)

• स्तुवते: (he) praises
• स्तुवते: Kriyā (यत्-सम्बन्धे)
• Type: Verb
• Root: स्तु (धातु)

• भराय: for bearing/bringing; for the prize/booty
• भराय: Sampradāna (purpose/for)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भर (प्रातिपदिक; ‘bearing/bringing’, also ‘battle/booty’ in RV usage)

• गुहा: in secret; in a cave
• गुहा: Adhikaraṇa (manner/place: ‘secretly/in a hiding place’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गुहा (प्रातिपदिक)

• यत्: when/that
• यत्: Karma (यदा-सम्बन्धे ‘when/that’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• ईम्: him
• ईम्: Karma
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ईम् (निपात/अव्यय)

• औशिजस्य: of the Auśija
• औशिजस्य: सम्बन्ध (genitive)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: औशिज (प्रातिपदिक; patronymic/tribal epithet)

• गोहे: in the cattle-pen; in the cow-stall
• गोहे: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: गोहि/गोहे (प्रातिपदिक; RV ‘cow-pen, cattle-lair’)

• प्र: forth, forward
• प्र: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र (उपसर्ग/निपात)

• यत्: when/that
• यत्: Karma (relative ‘when/that’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• हि: indeed, for
• हि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (निपात)

• इये: I went; I have gone
• इये: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: इ (धातु ‘to go’) → इये (perfect/old stative-like form)

• प्रायसे: for refreshment/nourishment
• प्रायसे: Sampradāna (purpose/for)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रायस् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘refreshment, enjoyment, meal’)

• मदाय: for exhilaration/intoxication
• मदाय: Sampradāna (purpose/for)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मद (प्रातिपदिक)