Atharva Veda 4.21.1: Kanda 4, Anuvaka 3, Sukta 21, Mantra 1

Sukta 21

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

गावः। आ गावो॑ अग्मन्नु॒त भ॒द्रम॑क्र॒न्त्सीद॑न्तु गो॒ष्ठे र॒णय॑न्त्व॒स्मे। प्र॒जाव॑तीः पुरु॒रूपा॑ इ॒ह स्यु॒रिन्द्रा॑य पू॒र्वीरु॒षसो॒ दुहा॑नाः

Sanskrit recitationAtharva Veda 4.21.1

IAST Transliteration

gā́vaḥ | ā́ gā́vo agmann utá bhadrám akran sī́dantu goṣṭhé raṇáyantv asmè | prajā́vatīḥ pururū́pā ihá syur índrāya pūrvī́r uṣáso dúhānāḥ

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

The Cows. Hither have the cows come; moreover they have wrought good fortune. Let them sit within the cow-stall; let them take delight among us. Fruitful, of many forms, may they be here—many as the Dawns—milking for Indra.

Translation

Коровы. Вот пришли коровы; и, более того, они сотворили благо. Пусть усядутся в коровнике; пусть радуются среди нас. Плодовитые, многообразные — да будут они здесь, многочисленные, как зори, доящие для Индры.

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Word by Word

• गावः: cows
• गावः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: गो (प्रातिपदिक)

• आ: hither; towards
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (उपसर्ग/निपात)

• गावः: cows
• गावः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: गो (प्रातिपदिक)

• अग्मन्: came
• अग्मन्: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √गम्

• उत: and; also
• उत: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उत (निपात)

• भद्रम्: good fortune; auspiciousness
• भद्रम्: Karma
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: भद्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• अक्रन्: they made
• अक्रन्: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √कृ

• सीदन्तु: let them sit down
• सीदन्तु: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √सद्

• गोष्ठे: in the cowshed
• गोष्ठे: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: गो-ष्ठ (प्रातिपदिक)

• रणयन्तु: let them gladden / make resound
• रणयन्तु: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √रण्/√रन् (रणयति = to delight, make resound)

• अस्मे: among us; for us
• अस्मे: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम)

• प्रजावतीः: possessing offspring
• प्रजावतीः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्र-जा-वती (प्रातिपदिक)

• पुरुरूपाः: of many forms
• पुरुरूपाः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पुरु-रूप (प्रातिपदिक)

• इह: here
• इह: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इह (अव्यय)

• स्युः: may they be
• स्युः: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √अस्

• इन्द्राय: for Indra
• इन्द्राय: Sampradāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• पूर्वीः: many/ancient; former
• पूर्वीः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पूर्व (प्रातिपदिक)

• उषसः: dawns
• उषसः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: उषस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• दुहानाः: milking; yielding (milk)
• दुहानाः: Kartā
• Type: Participle
• Root: √दुह् (दोहने) + शानच्

Attribution

Rishi: Atharvanic tradition (often anonymous/household seer for paustika hymns)

Devata: Gāvaḥ (Cows) with Indra as beneficiary/protector

Chandas: Mixed; predominantly Triṣṭubh-like cadence in Saunaka transmission (as commonly analyzed for this type of prosperity verse)

Mantra Rasa

Primary: shanta

Secondary: shringara