Rig Veda 3.39.3: Mandala 3, Sukta 39, Mantra 3

Sukta 3.39

Rishi: Viśvāmitra Gāthina (traditional attribution for RV 3)

Devata: Indra (with allied powers of speech and tapas as instruments of victory over tamas)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

यमा चिदत्र यमसूरसूत जिह्वाया अग्रं पतदा ह्यस्थात् । वपूंषि जाता मिथुना सचेते तमोहना तपुषो बुध्न एता ॥

Transliteration

yamā́ cid átrā yama-sū́r asūta jihvā́yā ágraṁ pátadā́ hy ásthāt | vapū́ṃṣi jātā́ mithunā́ sacete tamó-hanā́ tápuso budhná étā ||

Translation

ଏଠି ମଧ୍ୟ—ଯେଉଁଠାରେ ଯମ (ବନ୍ଧନକାରୀ ଦ୍ୱିତ୍ୱ-ଶକ୍ତି) ଜନ୍ମିଥିଲା—ଜିହ୍ୱାର ଅଗ୍ରଭାଗ ପକ୍ଷୀ ପରି ଉଛଳି ଦଣ୍ଡାୟମାନ ହେଲା। ଯେ ରୂପଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଯୁଗଳ-ଶକ୍ତିରୂପେ ଜନ୍ମେ, ସେମାନେ ପରସ୍ପର ସଂଯୋଗକୁ ଆସନ୍ତି; ସେମାନେ ଅନ୍ଧକାର-ହନନକାରୀ, ତପସ୍ (ତପଃ)ର ଗଭୀର ଆଧାରରେ ମୂଳବନ୍ଧ।

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Word by Word

• य॒मा: the two Yamas (Yama-pair)
• य॒मा: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: यम (प्रातिपदिक) / यम (देव-नाम)

• चित्: indeed, even
• चित्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: चित् (अव्यय)

• अत्र: here
• अत्र: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अत्र (अव्यय)

• यम: Yama
• यम: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: यम (प्रातिपदिक)

• सूरः: the Sun (Sūrya)
• सूरः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: सूर (प्रातिपदिक)

• असूत: begot, brought forth
• असूत: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √सू (सूते) / causative sense in Vedic: ‘to beget/produce’

• जिह्वायाः: of the tongue
• जिह्वायाः: Sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: जिह्वा (प्रातिपदिक)

• अग्रम्: the foremost point, tip
• अग्रम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• पतदा: by flying / in a flying manner
• पतदा: Karaṇa
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पतद् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘flying’ < √पत्)

• हि: for, indeed
• हि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (अव्यय)

• अस्थात्: stood, took its place
• अस्थात्: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √स्था (तिष्ठति)

• वपूँषि: forms, bodies
• वपूँषि: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: वपु (प्रातिपदिक)

• जाताः: born, arisen
• जाताः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √जन् (जायते) → जात (कृदन्त)

• मिथुना: as a pair, paired
• मिथुना: —
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मिथुन (प्रातिपदिक)

• सचेतॆ: the two unite/act together
• सचेतॆ: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √चि (चेतति) with सह- → √सचेत्/सच् (Vedic) ‘to be together/agree’

• तमोहना: darkness-slaying
• तमोहना: Viśeṣaṇa
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तमो-हन (प्रातिपदिक; बहुव्रीहि/कर्मधारय: ‘darkness-slaying’)

• तपुषः: of heat, of ardor
• तपुषः: Sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: तपुस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• बुध्ने: in the base, in the foundation
• बुध्ने: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: बुध्न (प्रातिपदिक)

• एता: these two
• एता: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)