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Rig Veda 4.43.2: Mandala 4, Sukta 43, Mantra 2

Sukta 4.43

Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama
Devata: Aśvinau (Nāsatyā)
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

को मृळाति कतम आगमिष्ठो देवानामु कतमः शम्भविष्ठः । रथं कमाहुर्द्रवदश्वमाशुं यं सूर्यस्य दुहितावृणीत ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 4.43.2
Transliteration

kó mṛḷāti katamá ā́gamiṣṭho devā́nām u katamáḥ śámbhaviṣṭhaḥ | ráthaṃ kám āhur dravád-aśvam āśúṃ yáṃ sū́ryasya duhitā́vṛṇīta ||

Translation

Siapa yang mengurniakan kelegaan yang membebaskan? Siapa yang paling hampir datang antara para dewa, siapa yang paling membawa kesejahteraan? Kereta pantas manakah dengan kuda-kuda yang berlari laju, yang dipilih Puteri Surya—yang dengannya engkau datang menyahut panggilan?

Word by Word
कःwho?
कः:
कर्तृ (प्रश्नकर्ता) / विषयः
TypePronoun
Rootक (प्रश्न-प्रातिपदिक) / किम्
मृळातिis gracious / shows mercy
मृळाति:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootमृळ् (धातु) "to be gracious, to show mercy"
कतमःwhich (one) / who among (them)?
कतमः:
कर्तृ (प्रश्नकर्ता) / विषयः
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootकतम (प्रश्न-प्रातिपदिक) < क + तम
आगमिष्ठःthe most coming / most ready to come (most approachable)
आगमिष्ठः:
विशेषणम् (कतमः इत्यस्य)
TypeAdjective (superlative)
Rootआ-गम् (धातु) + इष्ठ (तमप्-प्रत्यय; superlative) → आगमिष्ठ
देवानाम्of the gods
देवानाम्:
सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootदेव (प्रातिपदिक)
उindeed / then
उ:
सम्बन्धक/बलवाचक (emphatic particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउ (निपात)
कतमःwhich (one)?
कतमः:
कर्तृ (प्रश्नकर्ता) / विषयः
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootकतम (प्रश्न-प्रातिपदिक)
शम्भविष्ठःmost beneficent / most welfare-bringing
शम्भविष्ठः:
विशेषणम् (कतमः इत्यस्य)
TypeAdjective (superlative)
Rootशम् (अव्यय/प्रातिपदिक ‘welfare’) + भव (धातु) + इष्ठ (तमप्) → शम्भविष्ठ
रथम्chariot
रथम्:
कर्म (आहुः इत्यस्य)
TypeNoun
Rootरथ (प्रातिपदिक)
कम्whom? / which one?
कम्:
कर्म/विषयः (आहुः—‘whom do they call…’)
TypePronoun
Rootक (प्रश्न-प्रातिपदिक) / किम्
आहुःthey have said / they call
आहुः:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootअह्/आह् (धातु) "to say"
द्रवदश्वम्having running horses / with swift horses
द्रवदश्वम्:
विशेषणम् (रथम्)
TypeAdjective (compound)
Rootद्रवत् (कृदन्त ‘running’) + अश्व (प्रातिपदिक) → द्रवदश्व
आशुम्swift
आशुम्:
विशेषणम् (रथम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootआशु (प्रातिपदिक)
यम्whom/which (that)
यम्:
कर्म (वृणीत इत्यस्य)
TypePronoun (relative)
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
सूर्यस्यof Sūrya (the Sun)
सूर्यस्य:
सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootसूर्य (प्रातिपदिक)
दुहिताdaughter
दुहिता:
कर्तृ (वृणीत इत्यस्य)
TypeNoun
Rootदुहितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
वृणीतchooses
वृणीत:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootवृ (धातु) "to choose"
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