Varaha Purana 115.19: Adhyaya 115, Shloka 19

The Arising of Diverse Dharmas: Devotional Observances and Varṇa-Based Duties

Devanagari script

श्यामाकं स्वस्तिकं चैव गोधूमं मुद्गकं तथा ॥ शालयस्तु यवाश्चैव तथा नीवारकाङ्गुकाः ॥

Sanskrit recitationVaraha Purana 115.19

Transliteration

śyāmākaṃ svastikaṃ caiva godhūmaṃ mudgakaṃ tathā || śālayas tu yavāś caiva tathā nīvārakāṅgukāḥ ||

Translation

ശ്യാമാകം, സ്വസ്തിക ധാന്യം, ഗോധൂമം (ഗോതമ്പ്), മുദ്ഗം (പച്ചമൂങ്ങ); അതുപോലെ ശാലി അരി, യവം (ബാർലി), കൂടാതെ നീവാര വന്യഅരി, അങ്ങുക ധാന്യങ്ങൾ.

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Word by Word

• śyāmākam: millet (śyāmāka)
• śyāmākam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śyāmāka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (masculine), द्वितीया (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (singular)

• svastikam: a kind of grain (svastika rice)
• svastikam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: svastika (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (masculine), द्वितीया (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (singular)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha/Connector (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya, conjunction

• eva: also/indeed
• eva: Sambandha/Emphasis (अवधारण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya, emphatic particle

• godhūmam: wheat
• godhūmam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: go (प्रातिपदिक) + dhūma (प्रातिपदिक) [lexicalized: godhūma]
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (masculine), द्वितीया (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (singular); तत्पुरुष-निबद्ध-नाम (conventional compound)

• mudgakam: mung bean
• mudgakam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mudga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (masculine), द्वितीया (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (singular)

• tathā: and likewise
• tathā: Sambandha/Connector (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya, adverb (समुच्चय/तुल्यार्थक)

• śālayaḥ: rice grains (śāli)
• śālayaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śāli (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (masculine), प्रथमा (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (plural)

• tu: and/but
• tu: Sambandha/Connector (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya, contrast/continuative particle

• yavāḥ: barley grains
• yavāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yava (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (masculine), प्रथमा (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (plural)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha/Connector (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya, conjunction

• eva: also
• eva: Sambandha/Emphasis (अवधारण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya, emphatic particle

• tathā: likewise
• tathā: Sambandha/Connector (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya, adverb

• nīvāra-kāṅgukāḥ: wild rice and kāṅgu millet
• nīvāra-kāṅgukāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nīvāra (प्रातिपदिक) + kāṅguka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (masculine), प्रथमा (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (plural); द्वन्द्वः (copulative): ‘nīvārāś ca kāṅgukāś ca’

Speaker

Varāha (default dialogue framework: instructor)

Tags

• Classical Literature
• Ancient Agriculture
• Food History
• Vaiṣṇavism

FAQs

What is the historical significance of this verse?

The catalog of grains is evidence for agrarian vocabulary and dietary/ritual commodities referenced in Purāṇic-era Sanskrit, useful for cultural and economic history.

Which geographic location is identified?

No explicit place-name is provided; the grain list is pan-regional in Sanskrit literary usage.

What is the primary ethical instruction?

Implicitly, it frames regulated consumption and offerings through specified staples, linking everyday food culture to disciplined conduct.