Rig Veda 8.31.17: Mandala 8, Sukta 31, Mantra 17

Sukta 8.31

Rishi: Kaṇva

Devata: Devas collectively (protective efficacy of yajña)

Chandas: As refrain series (uncertain; needs metrical audit)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

नकिष्टं कर्मणा नशन्न प्र योषन्न योषति । देवानां य इन्मनो यजमान इयक्षत्यभीदयज्वनो भुवत् ॥

Recitation with translationRig Veda 8.31.17

Transliteration

nákiṣ ṭáṃ kármaṇā naśan ná prá yoṣan ná yoṣati | devā́nāṃ yá ín máno yajamā́na iyákṣaty abhī́d áyajvano bhuvat ||

Translation

വൈരഭാവമുള്ള കർമംകൊണ്ട് ആരും അവനെ എത്തിപ്പിടിക്കുകയില്ല; ആരും അവനെ തടയുകയോ പിന്തിരിപ്പിക്കുകയോ ചെയ്യുകയില്ല—യജമാനൻ ദേവന്മാരിൽ മനസ്സുറപ്പിച്ച് യജ്ഞം അർപ്പിക്കുമ്പോൾ, അവൻ ഉള്ളിലെ അയംജ്വൻ (അയജ്ഞീയ) പ്രതിരോധത്തെ ജയിക്കുന്നു.

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Word by Word

• नकिः: no one, nobody
• नकिः: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नकिस् (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक) < PIE *ne-kʷis? (न- + किः) पारम्परिकः

• तम्: him/that (one)
• तम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• कर्मणा: by (his) deed, by action
• कर्मणा: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: कर्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• नशत्: reached/attained
• नशत्: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: नश् (धातु) ‘to reach/attain; to succeed’

• न: not
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (निपात)

• प्र: forth, forward (intensifier)
• प्र: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र (उपसर्ग/निपात)

• योषन्: a maiden/young woman
• योषन्: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: योषन् (प्रातिपदिक) ‘young woman, maiden’

• योषति: in/with a woman (among women)
• योषति: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: योषति (प्रातिपदिक) ‘woman, wife’

• देवानाम्: of the gods
• देवानाम्: Sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक)

• यः: who
• यः: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• इत्: indeed, just
• इत्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इद्/इत् (निपात; वैदिक emphatic)

• मनः: mind, intention
• मनः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• यजमानः: the sacrificer
• यजमानः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: यजमान (प्रातिपदिक; यज् धातोः वर्तमानकृदन्त-आधारित नाम)

• इयक्षति: worships/sacrifices (with intent), performs sacrifice
• इयक्षति: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: यज् (धातु) ‘to worship, sacrifice’

• अभीत्: toward, against (in opposition to)
• अभीत्: —
• Type: Indeclinable (preverb) + Verb form (frozen)
• Root: अभि (उपसर्ग) + इ (धातु) ‘to go toward/approach’

• अयज्वनः: of the non-sacrificer, of the one who does not worship
• अयज्वनः: Sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: अ- + यज्वन् (प्रातिपदिक; यज् धातोः ‘sacrificer’)

• भुवत्: may it be / becomes
• भुवत्: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (धातु) ‘to be, become’