Rig Veda 4.46.1: Mandala 4, Sukta 46, Mantra 1
Sukta 4.46
Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama (traditional attribution for Maṇḍala 4)
Devata: Vāyu
Chandas: Gāyatrī (8+8+8; typical for short Soma-invitations; verify in critical edition)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
अग्रं पिबा मधूनां सुतं वायो दिविष्टिषु । त्वं हि पूर्वपा असि ॥
Transliteration
ágram pibā mádhūnām sutáṃ vāyo divíṣṭiṣu | tváṃ hí pūrva-pā́ ási ||
Translation
ഹേ വായുവേ, മധുരങ്ങളിലൊക്കെയും ആദ്യം നീ കുടിക്ക—ദിവിഷ്ടികളിൽ (ദിവ്യ യജ്ഞസത്രങ്ങളിൽ) പിഴിഞ്ഞ ഈ സോമം. കാരണം നീ തന്നെയാണ് പൂർവപാ—മറ്റുള്ളവർക്കുമുമ്പെ പാനം ചെയ്യുന്നവൻ.
Word by Word
अग्रंthe first (portion), the foremost
अग्रं:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअग्र (प्रातिपदिक) < PIE *h₂eǵ-ro- ‘fore, front’
पिबdrink!
पिब:
—
TypeVerb
Rootपा (धातु) ‘पाने’
मधूनाम्of the sweet drinks / of the honeys (i.e., soma-juices)
मधूनाम्:
सम्बन्ध (genitive relation to ‘अग्रं’)
TypeNoun
Rootमधु (प्रातिपदिक) ‘sweet drink, honey, soma’
सुतम्pressed (soma)
सुतम्:
Karma
TypeParticiple (Adjectival) / Noun-use
Rootसु (धातु) ‘सवने/प्रसवे’ → सुत (कृदन्त, क्त) ‘pressed’
वायोO Vāyu
वायो:
सम्बोधन
TypeNoun (Vocative)
Rootवायु (प्रातिपदिक) ‘Wind-god Vāyu’
दिविष्टिषुin the divine services/rites (at the heavenly gatherings)
दिविष्टिषु:
Adhikaraṇa
TypeNoun
Rootदिविष्टि (प्रातिपदिक) ‘heavenly rite/feast; divine service’ (Vedic)
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Kartā
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
हिindeed, for
हि:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (निपात)
पूर्वपाःthe first-drinker (he who drinks first)
पूर्वपाः:
Kartṛ-viśeṣaṇa (predicate adjective of ‘त्वम्’)
TypeAdjective (compound)
Rootपूर्व (उपसर्ग/विशेषण-प्रातिपदिक) + पा (धातु) → पूर्वपा (बहुव्रीहि/तत्पुरुष-समास) ‘one who drinks first’
असिyou are
असि:
—
TypeVerb
Rootअस् (धातु) ‘भुवि’
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