Rig Veda 3.57.1: Mandala 3, Sukta 57, Mantra 1

Sukta 3.57

Rishi: Viśvāmitra Gāthina (attributed for RV 3.57)

Devata: Indra-Agni (dual), with the Cow/Manīṣā motif central

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; verify metrically)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

प्र मे विविक्वाँ अविदन्मनीषां धेनुं चरन्तीं प्रयुतामगोपाम् । सद्यश्चिद्या दुदुहे भूरि धासेरिन्द्रस्तदग्निः पनितारो अस्याः ॥

Transliteration

prá me vivikvā́m ávidan manīṣā́m dhēnúm cárantīm práyutām ágopām | sadyáś cid yā́ duduhé bhū́ri dhāsér índras tád agníḥ panitā́ro asyāḥ ||

Translation

എനിക്കായി വിവേകി മനീഷാ—പ്രേരിതചിന്ത—കണ്ടെടുത്തു: സഞ്ചരിക്കുന്ന പശു, ദൂരത്തേക്ക് ഓടിക്കൊണ്ടുപോയതും അഗോപാ (അരക്ഷിത) യും. ഉടൻതന്നെ അവൾ തന്റെ സാരത്തിൽ നിന്ന് ധാരാളം പോഷണം ദോഹിച്ചു; ഇന്ദ്രനും അഗ്നിയും അവളുടെ പനിതാരർ (അന്വേഷകരും അധിപതികളും) ആയി.

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Word by Word

• प्र: forth, forward
• प्र: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र (upasarga)

• मे: of me / for me
• मे: Sampradāna (beneficiary/possessor)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अहम्

• विविक्वान्: the discerning one / the eloquent (singer)
• विविक्वान्: Kartā
• Type: Adjective (participial)
• Root: वि-वच् (√वच्) / विविक्वन्- (kṛdanta-stem)

• अविदत्: found, discovered
• अविदत्: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √विद् (to find/know)

• मनीषाम्: insight, inspired thought
• मनीषाम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनीषा

• धेनुम्: milch-cow (metaphor: stream of inspiration)
• धेनुम्: Karma (apposition to मनीषाम्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धेनु

• चरन्तीम्: moving, roaming
• चरन्तीम्: Karma (qualifier of धेनुम्)
• Type: Adjective (present participle)
• Root: √चर्

• प्रयुताम्: set in motion / sent forth
• प्रयुताम्: Karma (qualifier of धेनुम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्र-यु (√यु / √युज् ‘to yoke/attach’; Vedic ‘práyutā-’)

• अगोपाम्: unguarded, without a herdsman
• अगोपाम्: Karma (qualifier of धेनुम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अ-गोप (a- + गोप ‘herdsman/guard’)

• सद्यः: immediately
• सद्यः: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सद्यस्

• चित्: indeed, even
• चित्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: चित्

• या: which (she)
• या: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्

• दुदुहे: has milked / yielded
• दुदुहे: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √दुह्

• भूरि: much, abundantly
• भूरि: —
• Type: Adjective/Indeclinable (Vedic)
• Root: भूरि

• धासेः: from the nourishment / from the portion (of food)
• धासेः: Apādāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: धासि

• इन्द्रः: Indra
• इन्द्रः: Kartā (in following identification)
• Type: Noun (proper)
• Root: इन्द्र

• तत्: that
• तत्: Karma (object of implied ‘made/caused/was’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्

• अग्निः: Agni
• अग्निः: Kartā (in following identification)
• Type: Noun (proper)
• Root: अग्नि

• पनितारः: Pani-overcomers / conquerors of the Paṇis
• पनितारः: Kartā (predicative/identificatory)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पनि-तार (from √तॄ ‘to cross/overcome’ with pani-)

• अस्याः: of her / of this (cow/inspiration)
• अस्याः: Sampradāna (possessor)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम्