Rig Veda 10.79.1: Mandala 10, Sukta 79, Mantra 1

Sukta 10.79

Devata: Not explicitly named in this single verse; appears to describe a mighty immortal force active among mortals (often interpreted in RV 10.79 as Agni or a consuming cosmic power—requires hymn-level identification)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; needs confirmation)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

अपश्यमस्य महतो महित्वममर्त्यस्य मर्त्यासु विक्षु । नाना हनू विभृते सं भरेते असिन्वती बप्सती भूर्यत्तः ॥

Recitation with translationRig Veda 10.79.1

Transliteration

ápaśyam asya maható mahi-tvám amártyasya mártyāsu vikṣú | nā́nā hanū́ vibhṛ́te sáṃ bharete ásinvatī bápsatī bhū́ry attaḥ ||

Translation

ഞാൻ ഈ മഹാന്റെ മഹിമ കണ്ടു—ഈ അമർത്ത്യൻ മർത്ത്യജനങ്ങളിൽ സഞ്ചരിക്കുന്നു. രണ്ടു താടികൾ, വ്യത്യസ്തമായി ധരിക്കപ്പെട്ടവ, ഒന്നിച്ചു ചേർത്ത് വഹിക്കുന്നു; അവൾ നിർത്തുന്നില്ല—അധ്വാനിച്ച് വളരെ ഭക്ഷിക്കുന്നു.

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Word by Word

• अपश्यम्: I saw
• अपश्यम्: (क्रियापद) —
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश् (पश्य-)

• अस्य: of him/this
• अस्य: सम्बन्ध (genitive) — ‘of him/it’
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• महतः: of the great
• महतः: विशेषण (to ‘महित्वम्’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महत्

• महित्वम्: greatness, majesty
• महित्वम्: कर्म (object of ‘अपश्यम्’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: महित्व (महत् + -त्व) प्रत्ययान्त प्रातिपदिक

• अमर्त्यस्य: of the immortal
• अमर्त्यस्य: सम्बन्ध (genitive) — ‘of the immortal’
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: अ-मर्त्य (मर्त्य) प्रातिपदिक

• मर्त्यासु: among mortals
• मर्त्यासु: अधिकरण (locative) — ‘among/in’
• Type: Noun
• Root: मर्त्य

• विक्षु: in the clans, among the peoples
• विक्षु: अधिकरण (locative) — ‘among the clans/peoples’
• Type: Noun
• Root: विक्ष् (स्त्री) ‘clan/settlement; people’

• नाना: variously, in different ways
• नाना: विशेषणभाव (adverbial/distributive)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नाना (अव्यय) (< PIE distributive)

• हनू: (two) jaws
• हनू: कर्ता (with ‘सं भरेते’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हनु (स्त्री) ‘jaw’

• विभृते: spread apart, held apart
• विभृते: विशेषण (to ‘हनू’)
• Type: Kṛdanta (PPP used adjectivally)
• Root: वि-भृ (धातु भृ ‘to bear’) / or participial adjective ‘विभृत’

• सम्: together
• सम्: (क्रियाविशेषण/उपसर्ग)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सम् (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• भरेते: the two bear/bring together
• भरेते: (क्रियापद) —
• Type: Verb
• Root: भृ (भर्) with preverb सम्

• असिन्वती: not pressing forth / not bestowing
• असिन्वती: कर्ता (of following finite verb implied) / विशेषण
• Type: Adjective/Participle
• Root: अ-सिन्वत् (from √सिव्/√स्यू? Vedic ‘to press/impel’?; here privative a- + sinvat ‘giving/pressing’)

• बप्सती: murmuring, bleating, uttering
• बप्सती: कर्ता/विशेषण (coordinated with ‘असिन्वती’)
• Type: Verb (present participle)
• Root: बप्स् (Vedic onomatopoetic root ‘to bleat/cry, murmur’)

• भूरि: much, abundantly
• भूरि: क्रियाविशेषण (to ‘अत्तः’)
• Type: Indeclinable/Adjective
• Root: भूरि (अव्यय/विशेषण ‘much, abundant’)

• अत्तः: having eaten; eater (well-fed)
• अत्तः: कर्ता/विशेष्य (predicative)
• Type: Kṛdanta (PPP)
• Root: अद् (to eat) → PPP ‘अत्त’