Rig Veda 1.112.3: Mandala 1, Sukta 112, Mantra 3
Sukta 1.112
- Rishi
- Gautama Rāhūgaṇa
- Devata
- Aśvins
- Chandas
- Jagatī
- Rasa
- Adbhuta (wonder) and Shanta (peace)
युवं तासां दिव्यस्य प्रशासने विशां क्षयथो अमृतस्य मज्मना । याभिर्धेनुमस्वं पिन्वथो नरा ताभिरू षु ऊतिभिरश्विना गतम् ॥
yuváṃ tāsā́ṃ divyásya pra-śā́sane viśā́ṃ kṣayatho amṛ́tasya májmanā | yā́bhir dhénum asvám pinvatho narā tā́bhir ū́ ṣú ūtíbhir aśvínā ā́ gatam ||
ദിവ്യപ്രശാസനത്താൽ, അമൃതത്തിന്റെ മഹിമയാൽ, നിങ്ങൾ ഇരുവരും ജനങ്ങളിൽ വസിക്കുന്നു. ഏതു സഹായങ്ങളാൽ നിങ്ങൾ പ്രകാശത്തിന്റെ ധേനുവിനെയും ബലത്തിന്റെ അശ്വത്തെയും സമൃദ്ധിയാൽ നിറച്ചു വളർത്തുന്നുവോ, ഹേ നരന്മാരേ, ആ ത്വരിത ഊതികളോടെ, ഹേ അശ്വിനൗ, ഇവിടെ വരുവിൻ.
Word by Word
- युवम्
- you twoPronounपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग? प्रथमा द्विवचन (2nd person pronoun, nominative dual)Role कर्तृRoot युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
- तासाम्
- of thosePronounस्त्रीलिङ्ग षष्ठी बहुवचनRole सम्बन्ध (genitive)Root तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
- दिव्यस्य
- of the heavenlyAdjectiveपुं/नपुं षष्ठी एकवचनRole सम्बन्ध (genitive)Root दिव्य (प्रातिपदिक; दिव् ‘to shine’ से)
- प्रशासने
- in the governance/ordinanceNounनपुंसकलिङ्ग सप्तमी एकवचनRole अधिकरणRoot प्र-शासन (प्रातिपदिक; √शास् ‘to rule/instruct’)
- विशाम्
- of the clans/peoplesNounस्त्रीलिङ्ग षष्ठी बहुवचनRole सम्बन्ध (genitive)Root विश् (प्रातिपदिक)
- क्षयथः
- you two dwell/ruleVerbलट् (वर्तमान) मध्यमपुरुष द्विवचनRole क्रियाRoot √क्षि (क्षयति) ‘to dwell, rule, possess’
- अमृतस्य
- of immortality/ambrosiaNounनपुंसकलिङ्ग षष्ठी एकवचनRole सम्बन्ध (genitive)Root अमृत (प्रातिपदिक)
- मज्मना
- by (your) mightNounपुंलिङ्ग तृतीया एकवचनRole करणRoot मज्मन् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘greatness, might’)
- याभिः
- with which (aids)Pronounस्त्रीलिङ्ग तृतीया बहुवचनRole करणRoot यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
- धेनुम्
- the milch-cowNounस्त्रीलिङ्ग द्वितीया एकवचनRole कर्मRoot धेनु (प्रातिपदिक)
- अस्वम्
- the horseNounपुंलिङ्ग द्वितीया एकवचनRole कर्मRoot अस्व (प्रातिपदिक; ‘horse’)
- पिन्वथः
- you two impel/invigorateVerbलट् (वर्तमान) मध्यमपुरुष द्विवचनRole क्रियाRoot √पिव्/पिन् (पिन्वति) ‘to make swell, set in motion, invigorate’
- नरा
- O two men (Aśvins)Nounपुंलिङ्ग सम्बोधन द्विवचनRole सम्बोधनRoot नर (प्रातिपदिक)
- ताभिः
- with thosePronounस्त्रीलिङ्ग तृतीया बहुवचनRole करणRoot तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
- ऊ
- indeedIndeclinableनिपात (emphatic/asseverative)Root ऊ (निपात)
- षु
- just, surelyIndeclinableनिपात (enclitic intensifier)Root षु (निपात)
- ऊतिभिः
- with (your) helps/aidsNounस्त्रीलिङ्ग तृतीया बहुवचनRole करणRoot ऊति (प्रातिपदिक; √अव्/√ऊ ‘to help/protect’ से)
- अश्विना
- O AśvinsNounपुंलिङ्ग सम्बोधन द्विवचनRole सम्बोधनRoot अश्विन् (प्रातिपदिक)
- गतम्
- come, go (hither)Verb (participle used imperatively)क्त (भूतकृदन्त), नपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग? प्रथमा/द्वितीया द्विवचन—वेदे आज्ञार्थे प्रयोगः (injunctive/imperatival sense)Role क्रिया (आह्वान)Root √गम् ‘to go’ (गत- क्त participle)
Sandhi Notes
- पदच्छेदः (sandhi-resolved): युवम् | तासाम् | दिव्यस्य | प्रशासने | विशाम् | क्षयथः | अमृतस्य | मज्मना | याभिः | धेनुम् | अस्वम् | पिन्वथः | नरा | ताभिः | ऊ | षु | ऊतिभिः | अश्विना | गतम् । 1) ‘यु॒वं’ = युवम् (द्विवचन-प्रथमा). 2) ‘तासां॑’ = तासाम् (षष्ठी-बहु). 3) ‘वि॒शां क्ष॑यथो’ में ‘क्षयथो’ = क्षयथः (RV orthography). 4) ‘याभि॑र्धे॒नुम॒स्वं’ = याभिः + धेनुम् + अस्वम् (र्-परसवर्ण/विसर्ग-लोप प्रकार; पदपाठ में स्पष्ट विभाजन). 5) ‘ताभि॑रू॒ षु ऊ॒तिभि॑रश्वि॒ना’ = ताभिः + ऊ + षु + ऊतिभिः + अश्विना
- ‘ताभिर्’/‘ऊतिभिर्’ में पदान्त -ः/-स् का ‘र्’ रूप (वेदिक sandhi) दिखता है. 6) ‘ग॑तम्’ क्त-रूप (गत) का द्विवचन-आह्वानार्थ प्रयोग (Aśvins को ‘आगतम्’ अर्थे)
The meaning
Outer meaning
The Aśvins dwell among the peoples under divine governance by the greatness of the immortal; by their helps they make the cow and the horse flourish; they are asked to come with those aids.
Inner meaning
The Aśvins are present in the collective life (viśām) as powers of the divine administration (divyasya praśāsane): they regulate and uplift human nature by the might of immortality (amṛtasya majmanā). Their help increases the ‘cow’ (dhenu) of light—streams of knowledge—and the ‘horse’ (aśva) of force—vital energy for right action—so the seeker’s illumination and execution grow together.
Universal truth
Spiritual governance is not withdrawal from life; it is the immortal power working within the human field to increase both understanding and effective energy.
Themes
divine-order, increase-of-light, increase-of-force, Aśvin-help
The seer
- Rishi
- Gautama Rāhūgaṇa
- Lineage
- Gautama
- Other hymns
- Rig Veda 1.112
Family tradition
Gautama seers frequently frame the gods as powers that perfect dhī and guide action in harmony with ṛta.
Significance
The rishi emphasizes that divine help is administrative and evolutionary—establishing immortal order in the many-voiced human field and increasing both knowledge and force.
The deity
- Devata
- Aśvins
- Epithets
- Nāsatyā, Dasrā, narā (heroes), swift bringers of increase
- Related deities
- Uṣas, Sūrya, Pūṣan, Indra
Cosmic role
Guardians of transitions and restorers of health; mediators of divine order into human life.
Inner power
Twin harmonizers: they align the life-force with higher guidance and expand the intuitive light that feeds the mind.
In ritual
Where it is used
Aśvin praise in invitatory sequences; suitable in rites seeking increase (puṣṭi) and protection.
यु॒वं तासां॑ दि॒व्यस्य॑ प्र॒शास॑ने वि॒शां क्ष॑यथो अ॒मृत॑स्य म॒ज्मना॑ । याभि॑र्धे॒नुम॒स्वं१॒॑ पिन्व॑थो नरा॒ ताभि॑रू॒ षु ऊ॒तिभि॑रश्वि॒ना ग॑तम् ॥
यु॒वम् । तासा॑म् । दि॒व्यस्य॑ । प्र॒ऽशास॑ने । वि॒शाम् । क्ष॒य॒थः॒ । अ॒मृत॑स्य । म॒ज्मना॑ । याभिः॑ । धे॒नुम् । अ॒स्व॑म् । पिन्व॑थः । न॒रा॒ । ताभिः॑ । ऊँ॒ इति॑ । सु । ऊ॒तिऽभिः॑ । अ॒श्वि॒ना॒ । आ । ग॒त॒म् ॥
yuvam | tāsām | divyasya | pra-śāsane | viśām | kṣayathaḥ | amṛtasya | majmanā | yābh iḥ | dhenum | asvam | pinvathaḥ | narā | tābhiḥ | oṃ iti | su | ūti-bhiḥ | aśvinā | ā | gatam
48
4 × 12 syllables (probable)
Measured expansiveness with a steady forward roll—apt for ‘dwelling among the peoples’ and ‘increasing’.
Creates a broad, inclusive feeling; supports expansion in chest/breath and a sense of benign governance.
- दि॒व्यस्य प्र॒शास॑ने (divyasya praśāsane)
- Literal: in the divine governance/command. Symbolic: higher law (ṛta) directing mind-life; inner guidance that orders the nature
- वि॒शाम् (viśām)
- Literal: of the peoples. Symbolic: the collective field of thoughts, impulses, and life-movements in us and in society
- अ॒मृत॑स्य म॒ज्मना॑ (amṛtasya majmanā)
- Literal: by the greatness/might of the immortal. Symbolic: pressure of immortal consciousness that enlarges finite capacities
- धे॒नुम् (dhenum)
- Literal: cow. Symbolic: rays/streams of light-knowledge; nourishing intuition
- अ॒स्वम् (asvam/aśvam)
- Literal: horse. Symbolic: vital force, capacity for swift action and progress
- पिन्वथः (pinvathaḥ)
- Literal: you make swell, increase. Symbolic: intensification and plenitude of inner resources
Aśvin invocation highlighting their governance-aligned presence among men and their power to increase light (cow) and force (steed)
Morning invocations; also in contexts of seeking prosperity/strength for the yajamāna.
Recitation as āhvāna (invitation) and stuti (praise) accompanying offerings.
For balancing: chant before important decisions or community work to align personal energy with higher order and to increase clarity + stamina.
(pra-śāsana) from √ (śās) ‘to rule, instruct, govern’ → ordinance aligned with ṛta. (majman) ‘greatness, might’ (Vedic abstract) expresses wideness/strength. (pinv) from √ (pi/pinv) ‘to swell, make abundant’ often used for increasing cows/waters—symbolically increasing light and energy.
ṛta as divine ordinance (pra-śāsana), amṛta (immortal plane) supporting human life, increase of knowledge and force (pinv)
‘Divine governance’ implies ṛta as an active ordering intelligence in life.
Truth manifests as right regulation and right increase—knowledge and force grow together.
Evolutionary increase (pinv) of light and force within the human field.
Integral Yoga-style reading: immortality (amṛta) as higher consciousness pressing into mind-life.
dawn (implicit)
Cow=illumined knowledge that nourishes; horse=vital dynamism; dawn=governance of higher light entering the active day-consciousness.
- What is the primary Vedic 'mythologem' present in this verse?
- The Twin Gods as governors and benefactors who increase the cow and the steed: the mythic action of ‘making abundance’—of light (dhenū) and force (aśva). In the inner sense, they expand knowledge and dynamic energy under the divine ordinance (ṛta).
- How does the linguistic structure reflect Proto-Indo-European roots?
- The governance root √śās has parallels in Indo-European ‘order/instruction’ semantics; √pinv ‘swell’ reflects an inherited poetic metaphor of increase (waters/cows swelling) used to encode abundance of inner powers.
- What is the relationship between the Rishi and the Devata here?
- The rishi recognizes the Aśvins as already present among the peoples under divine law; the request is for their operative ‘ūtis’ that concretely increase illumination and strength in the seeker’s life and practice.
Contemplate ‘divine governance’ within: let an inner witness-order regulate thoughts; then invite increase of light (go) and force (aśva).
anāhata (harmonizing governance in life) with ājñā (ordering intelligence)
Even breathing 5–5 for 12 cycles; on inhale feel ‘amṛtasya majmanā’ descending, on exhale feel ‘pinvathaḥ’ expanding within.
Ordered wideness; a quiet authority guiding action.
When overwhelmed by many demands (viśām), pause and invoke the Aśvins: ask that knowledge and energy grow together, not in conflict.
Three-tone Vedic; keep the refrain consistent across verses to build mantra-memory.
Sustain ‘amṛtasya majmanā’ with a slightly broadened tone; land firmly on ‘aśvinā gatam’ as the call-to-arrival.
(praśāsane): ‘śā’ long; palatal ś., (kṣayatho): cluster kṣ clearly; avoid inserting extra vowel., (amṛtasya): dental t; short a’s., (dhenum): ‘dh’ aspirated; e short., (pinvatho): ‘nv’ conjunct, light but clear.
Steady, expansive, benevolent; avoid rushing the long Jagatī line.
3
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