Rig Veda 1.103.1: Mandala 1, Sukta 103, Mantra 1

Sukta 1.103

Rishi: Kutsa Āṅgirasa (traditional attribution)

Devata: Indra

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

तत्त इन्द्रियं परमं पराचैरधारयन्त कवयः पुरेदम् । क्षमेदमन्यद्दिव्यन्यदस्य समी पृच्यते समनेव केतुः ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 1.103.1

Transliteration

tát ta indríyaṃ paramáṃ parācáir ádhārayanta kaváyaḥ purédám | kṣamédám anyád divy ànyád asya sám īm pṛcyate samanéva ketúḥ ||

Translation

ഹേ ഇന്ദ്രാ! നിന്റെ ആ പരമമായ ഇന്ദ്രിയശക്തിയെ—ദൂരവ്യാപിയായ ഉയർന്ന നിലകളിൽ നിന്നു—പുരാതനകാലം മുതൽ കവികൾ ധാരണം ചെയ്തു. ഒന്ന് ഇതിവിടെ ഭൂമിയിൽ, മറ്റൊന്ന് അതു ദ്യൗവിൽ; എങ്കിലും രണ്ടും ഒരേ സമാഗമസ്ഥാനത്തിൽ ഒരേ കേതു (ചിഹ്നം) പോലെ തമ്മിൽ ചേർന്നു നിൽക്കുന്നു.

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Word by Word

• तत्: that
• तत्: Karma (object; with धारयन्त) / or Anaphoric (correlative)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• ते: of you / your
• ते: सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: त्वद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) → ते

• इन्द्रियम्: power, might
• इन्द्रियम्: Karma (object; ‘your might/force’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इन्द्रिय (प्रातिपदिक)

• परमम्: highest, supreme
• परमम्: Karma (agreeing with object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परम (प्रातिपदिक)

• पराचैः: by those far away / from afar
• पराचैः: Karaṇa (means/with; ‘by/with those afar/remote ones’)
• Type: Adjective (used adverbially) / Noun-like
• Root: पराच्/पराञ्च् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘turned away/remote’) → पराचैः

• अधारयन्त: they upheld, they established
• अधारयन्त: Kriyā (finite verb); governs कर्म ‘तत्…इन्द्रियम्’
• Type: Verb
• Root: धृ (धातु) with preverb अधि-

• कवयः: the seers, poets
• कवयः: Kartā (agent of अधारयन्त)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कवि (प्रातिपदिक)

• पुरा: formerly, of old
• पुरा: Adhikaraṇa (temporal) / Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पुरा (अव्यय)

• इदम्: this
• इदम्: Karma (object; resumptive ‘this’) / deictic
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• क्षम्: indeed / surely
• क्षम्: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (particle; emphatic/asseverative)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: क्षम् (अव्यय/निपात; Vedic particle)

• इदम्: this
• इदम्: Karma / deictic
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• अन्यत्: another, different
• अन्यत्: Karma / predicate nominal (contrasted item)
• Type: Adjective/Pronoun
• Root: अन्य (प्रातिपदिक) → अन्यत्

• दिवि: in heaven
• दिवि: Adhikaraṇa (locative: ‘in heaven’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिव् (प्रातिपदिक ‘heaven/sky’) → दिवि

• अन्यत्: another
• अन्यत्: Karma / predicate nominal (contrasted item)
• Type: Adjective/Pronoun
• Root: अन्य (प्रातिपदिक) → अन्यत्

• अस्य: of this / of him
• अस्य: सम्बन्ध (genitive: ‘of it/of him’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) → अस्य

• समी: together, jointly
• समी: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (adverb with पृच्यते)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: समि/समी (अव्यय; Vedic adverb ‘together, in union’)

• पृच्यते: is mingled / is joined
• पृच्यते: Kriyā (finite verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: पृच् (धातु ‘to mix, join’)

• समानेव: as if in the same (place/assembly)
• समानेव: Adhikaraṇa (locative of comparison) / Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa
• Type: Adjective + Indeclinable
• Root: समाना (प्रातिपदिक) + इव (अव्यय)

• केतुः: banner, sign, signal
• केतुः: Kartā / subject (of पृच्यते; ‘the banner/sign’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: केतु (प्रातिपदिक)