Atharva Veda Sukta 2
Kanda 2Anuvaka 1Sukta 25 Mantras

Sukta 2

Rishi: Atharvanic tradition

Devata: Apsarases and Gandharva; secondarily Samudra (as their seat/containment)

Chandas: Likely Triṣṭubh/Jagatī-type cadence (requires full hymn metrical audit; not safely fixed from one pāda in isolation)

ഈ സൂക്തം ഗന്ധർവനെയും അപ്സരസ്സുകളെയും അതിരുകളിലെ, അതിവേഗം സഞ്ചരിക്കുന്ന സത്തകളായി അഭിസംബോധന ചെയ്യുന്നു; അവരുടെ അപ്രതീക്ഷിത വരവുകൾ മനുഷ്യക്രമം, ആരോഗ്യം, യാഗശുദ്ധി എന്നിവയെ കലുഷിതമാക്കാം. അവരെ പേരുപറഞ്ഞ്, സ്തുതിച്ച്, അവരുടെ സ്ഥാനം നിർണ്ണയിക്കുന്നതിലൂടെ—പ്രത്യേകിച്ച് അവരുടെ ‘ആസനം’ സമുദ്രത്തിൽ (ബ്രഹ്മാണ്ഡീയ ജലങ്ങളിൽ) ഉറപ്പിക്കുന്നതിലൂടെ—സാധകൻ അവരെ വിളിക്കാനും, വിടവാങ്ങിപ്പിക്കാനും, അല്ലെങ്കിൽ അവരുടെ സ്വാധീനം നിർവീര്യമാക്കാനും നിയന്ത്രണം നേടുന്നു. ഇതിന്റെ ശക്തി തിരിച്ചറിയലിലും നിയന്ത്രിത അടക്കത്തിലുമാണ്: അവർ ഏത് സ്ഥലത്താണ് ചേർന്നിരിക്കേണ്ടത് എന്നും അവർ എങ്ങനെ സഞ്ചരിക്കുന്നു എന്നും (ā ca parā ca yanti) രേഖപ്പെടുത്തി പരിധിയിടൽ.

Kind of charm

Abhicharika (against foes)
Recitation with translationAtharva Veda 2.2

Mantras

Mantra 1

दि॒व्यो ग॑न्ध॒र्वो भुव॑नस्य॒ यस्पति॒रेक॑ ए॒व न॑म॒स्योऽवि॒क्ष्वीड्यः॑ । तं त्वा॑ यौमि॒ ब्रह्म॑णा दिव्य देव॒ नम॑स्ते अस्तु दि॒वि ते॑ स॒धस्थ॑म्

ദിവ്യ ഗന്ധർവൻ—ഭുവനത്തിന്റെ അധിപൻ—ഏകനേ; സത്യമായി നമസ്കാരാർഹൻ, നിന്ദയാൽ അസ്‌പർശ്യൻ, സ്തുത്യർഹൻ—ആ ദിവ്യദേവനേ, ബ്രഹ്മമന്ത്രംകൊണ്ട് നിന്നെ ഞാൻ എന്നോടു ബന്ധിക്കുന്നു. നിനക്കു നമസ്കാരം; സ്വർഗത്തിൽ നിന്റെ സ്ഥിരസദനം ഉണ്ടാകട്ടെ.

Mantra 2

दि॒वि स्पृ॒ष्टो य॑ज॒तः सूर्य॑त्वगवया॒ता हर॑सो॒ दैव्य॑स्य । मृ॒डाद् ग॑न्ध॒र्वो भुव॑नस्य॒ यस्पति॒रेक॑ ए॒व न॑म॒स्यः सु॒शेवाः॑

സ്വർഗത്തിൽ സ്പർശിക്കപ്പെട്ടവൻ, യജ്ഞാർഹൻ; സൂര്യസമമായ തേജസ്സുള്ളവൻ, മുന്നോട്ടു പ്രേരിതൻ—ദൈവിക ദീപ്തിയുള്ളവൻ. കൃപയിൽ നിന്നു ഗന്ധർവൻ—ഭുവനത്തിന്റെ അധിപൻ—ഏകനേ സത്യമായി നമസ്കാരാർഹൻ, അത്യന്തം ഉപകാരി.

Mantra 3

अ॒न॒व॒द्याभिः॒ समु॑ जग्म आभिरप्स॒रास्वपि॑ गन्ध॒र्व आ॑सीत्। स॒मु॒द्र आ॑सां॒ सद॑नं म आहु॒र्यतः॑ स॒द्य आ च॒ परा॑ च॒ यन्ति॑

നിർദോഷികളോടൊപ്പം അവൻ കൂട്ടായി പോയി; അപ്സരസ്സുകളിലുമെന്താ, ഗന്ധർവൻ ഉണ്ടായിരുന്നു. അവരുടെ ആസന-നിവാസം, ആളുകൾ പറയുന്നതുപോലെ, സമുദ്രമാണ്; അവിടെ നിന്നു അവർ ഉടൻ തന്നെ ഇവിടെക്കും അപ്പുറത്തേക്കും പോകുന്നു.

Mantra 4

अभ्रि॑ये॒ दिद्यु॒न्नक्ष॑त्रिये॒ या वि॒श्वाव॑सुं गन्ध॒र्वं सच॑ध्वे । ताभ्यो॑ वो देवी॒र्नम॒ इत् कृ॑णोमि

അഭ്രിയയ്ക്കും, മിന്നൽപോലെ ദീപ്തിയുള്ളവൾക്കും, നക്ഷത്രിയയ്ക്കും—വിശ്വാവസു ഗന്ധർവനോടു സഹചരിക്കുന്ന ദേവിമാരേ—ആ ദേവിമാർക്കു, നിങ്ങളോടു ഞാൻ നിശ്ചയമായും നമസ്കാരം അർപ്പിക്കുന്നു.

Mantra 5

याः क्ल॒न्दास्तमि॑षीचयो॒ऽक्षका॑मा मनो॒मुहः॑ । ताभ्यो॑ गन्ध॒र्वप॑त्नीभ्योऽप्स॒राभ्यो॑ऽकरं॒ नमः॑

കരയുന്നവരായും, ഇരുട്ടിൽ സഞ്ചരിക്കുന്നവരായും, പാശക്രീഡ (അക്ഷ) ആഗ്രഹിക്കുന്നവരായും, മനസ്സിനെ മോഹിപ്പിച്ച് കലക്കുന്നവരായും ഉള്ളവർ—അത്തരം ഗന്ധർവപത്നിമാർക്കും അപ്പ്സരസ്സുകൾക്കും ഞാൻ നമസ്കാരം അർപ്പിച്ചു.

Inside Sukta 2

How it unfolds

  1. How it opens

    Begins by exalting the heavenly Gandharva as singular, worthy of reverence, and approached through brahman (spell-power) and namas (placation).

  2. What it asks

    To bind the Gandharva’s power in a protective mode and to fix the Apsaras–Gandharva host to their proper seat (heaven/samudra) rather than the human sphere.

  3. Where its power lies

    The hymn asserts efficacy by making the beings ‘knowable’: they are named, their companions are specified, and their dwelling and movement are declared—turning chaotic visitation into regulated circulation.

  4. How it closes

    Ends by obeisance and re-siting: the Gandharva’s ‘settled seat’ is placed in heaven, while the Apsarases are acknowledged and redirected to their locus (Samudra), sealing separation between their realm and ours.

Famous verses

taṃ tvā yaumi brahmaṇā
Verse 2.2.1Establishes the Gandharva’s status (divya, world-lord) and performs the key act of ‘binding’ through brahman while seating him in heaven—turning a liminal power into a guardian.Read verse 2.2.1 →
samudra āsāṃ sadanaṃ… ā ca parā ca yanti
Verse 2.2.3Provides the operational cosmology: Apsarases as the Gandharva’s company, Samudra as their seat, and their defining motion ‘hither and away’—the crucial locating/containment formula.Read verse 2.2.3 →

Kind of hymn

Abhicarika / Apotropaic (spirit-control; liminal beings)

What it is for

To control liminal spirit-forces by naming, honoring, and fixing their dwelling-place, thereby preventing sudden afflictions, disturbances, or obsession and restoring calm order to the person/space.

Who it is for

Atharvanic household ritualists, healers (bhaiṣajika), and practitioners performing protection for homes, sleepers, women/children, and vulnerable liminal times (night, storms, travel).

Also used as

  • Rakṣoghna
  • Shantika
  • Bhaisajya

The deity

The Gandharva is a celestial/liminal male power linked with fragrance, music, desire, and threshold-crossing; the Apsarases are his mobile, alluring female counterparts associated with cloud, lightning, stars, and sudden appearances. Samudra functions as their cosmological ‘seat’—a containment-zone and point of departure/return that makes their movement ritually legible.

Powers of the deity

  • Moves swiftly between realms; ‘comes and goes’ suddenly (ā ca parā ca)
  • Can fascinate, distract, or seize attention/mind; linked with possession-like disturbances
  • Guards and controls liminal passages (night, wilderness, water, dream-space)
  • Can be propitiated to become protective rather than disruptive
  • Can be ‘bound’ or re-seated by mantra (brahman) and obeisance (namas)

Why the deity is called

To acknowledge and propitiate the Gandharva–Apsaras host, then ritually locate them in their proper seat (Samudra/heaven), so their intrusive presence is checked and their power is redirected into protection.

The seer

  • Atharvanic traditionAtharvan. Rakṣoghna and abhicārika-style spirit-management: binding (yau/yojana), placation (namas), and re-siting of intrusive liminal beings (Gandharvas/Apsarases) to restore household and bodily order.

Other hymns of this seer

  • AV 2.1 (adjacent protective material in the same kanda context)
  • AV 4.37 (Gandharva–Apsaras thematic cluster; tradition-level parallel, not a strict anukramaṇī attribution)
  • AV 6.111 (spirit-warding and binding logic; thematic parallel)

Preparing for the rite

  • Choose a clean, quiet boundary-space (threshold, courtyard edge, or near a water-vessel) to emphasize ‘liminal control’.
  • Perform ācamana and basic purification; keep the operator’s mind steady (avoid anger/fear, which ‘feeds’ liminal beings).
  • Set a water-vessel (symbolic samudra) and, if available, a small cord/grass tie to represent ‘binding’ (yau/yojana).

The rite

  • Recite the opening praise to the ‘divya Gandharva’ with namas, requesting his seat remain in heaven (stabilization).
  • Recite the identifying/location verse that states Samudra as their seat and notes their movement (ā/para), using it as the operative ‘containment statement’.
  • Offer verbal obeisance to named Apsaras figures (e.g., Abhriyā, Didyut, Nakṣatriyā) to pacify the retinue and prevent retaliation.
  • Conclude by directing them to their proper abode (heaven/samudra), optionally circling the water-vessel clockwise as a sealing gesture.

What it needs

  • Water in a vessel (as samudra-symbol and containment medium)
  • Kusha/darbha grass or a cord (for symbolic binding/marking)
  • Optional: ghee lamp or incense (to ‘sweeten’/placate rather than provoke)

When

Best at twilight (sandhyā), at nightfall, during storms/astral disturbances, or immediately upon signs of uncanny disturbance, bad dreams, or sudden agitation.

The main substance

Water (samudra-symbol)

Amulets

  • Kusha/darbha tie or cord-knot used as a ‘binding marker’
  • Water-vessel kept near the threshold during the rite

How it is prepared

Fill a clean vessel with water; place it at a boundary-point (threshold/courtyard edge). During recitation, treat it as the ‘seat/containment’ (sadana) for the invoked host; optionally knot a cord once while reciting the binding line to externalize the act.

Frequently Asked Questions

Because ‘Samudra’ functions as a containment-locus: by declaring their proper dwelling-seat, the mantra relocates their activity away from the human sphere and makes their movement ritually controllable.

It is both in Atharvanic style: it begins with reverence (namas) and praise to pacify, then uses precise identification and re-siting language to regulate and limit liminal beings’ intrusion.

At liminal times (twilight/night), during stormy/astral disturbances, or when there are signs of uncanny agitation—bad dreams, sudden fear, household unrest—attributed to Gandharva–Apsaras influence.

Ask anything about Sukta 2 of the Atharva Veda

Answers come straight from the texts, with the shlokas they draw on. Ask in your own words.

Not sure where to start?

A free sign-in with Google or Apple keeps your chat saved across web and the app.

Read Atharva Veda in the Vedapath app

Scan the QR code to open this directly in the app, with word-by-word meanings, Sanskrit recitation where available, and more.

Download on the App StoreGet it on Google Play

Continue reading in the Vedapath app

Open in App
Download on the App StoreGet it on Google Play