Rig Veda 3.8.10: Mandala 3, Sukta 8, Mantra 10

Sukta 3.8

Rishi: Vasiṣṭha (traditional for RV 3.8)

Devata: Divine powers associated with the sacrificial post (caṣāla) and svar-voiced gods; protective all-gods sense

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; requires metrical verification)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

शृङ्गाणीवेच्छृङ्गिणां सं ददृश्रे चषालवन्तः स्वरवः पृथिव्याम् । वाघद्भिर्वा विहवे श्रोषमाणा अस्माँ अवन्तु पृतनाज्येषु ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 3.8.10

Transliteration

śṛṅgā́ṇīvecchṛṅgíṇāṃ sáṃ dadṛśre caṣā́lavantaḥ sváravaḥ pṛthivyā́m | vāghádbhir vā viháve śróṣamāṇā asmā́m avantu pṛtanā́jyeṣu ||

Translation

Like the horns of the horned, they are seen together—bearing the caṣāla, the svar-sounding powers upon the earth. Whether with the singers or in the call of invocation, hearkening, may they protect us in the battles for mastery.

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Word by Word

• शृङ्गाणि: horns
• शृङ्गाणि: Karma (ददृश्रे—‘saw’ का विषय/दृश्य) अथवा Kartā (यदि ‘appeared’ अर्थ)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शृङ्ग (प्रातिपदिक) < PIE *ḱerh₂- ‘horn’

• इव: like, as
• इव: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव

• इच्छृङ्गिणाम्: of the horned ones
• इच्छृङ्गिणाम्: सम्बन्ध (genitive) — ‘of the horned ones’
• Type: Adjective (substantivized) / Noun
• Root: इ-शृङ्गिन् (प्रातिपदिक) ‘having horns’

• सम्: together, completely
• सम्: —
• Type: Indeclinable (preverb)
• Root: सम्

• ददृश्रे: they appeared / were seen / came into view
• ददृश्रे: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √दृश् (दर्शने)

• चषालवन्तः: the ones possessing chashāla (ritual implement)
• चषालवन्तः: Kartā (ददृश्रे के कर्ता—‘they’)
• Type: Adjective (substantivized)
• Root: चषालवत् (प्रातिपदिक) ‘having a chaff-cutter/wooden (plough/press) piece; ritual implement’

• स्वरवः: the sounding ones / the voices
• स्वरवः: सम्बन्ध/विशेषण-भाव (चषालवन्तः के विशेषण/अप्पोज़िशन) अथवा Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्वर (प्रातिपदिक) ‘sound/voice; also ‘sunlight’ in some contexts’

• पृथिव्याम्: on the earth
• पृथिव्याम्: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: पृथिवी (प्रातिपदिक)

• वाघद्भिः: with the chanters
• वाघद्भिः: Karaṇa (अवन्तु—‘help’ का साधन/सहचर) अथवा सहकारक
• Type: Noun
• Root: वाघत् (प्रातिपदिक) ‘singer/chanter, praiser’

• वा: or
• वा: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वा

• विहवे: in the invocation / in the call
• विहवे: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: विहव (प्रातिपदिक) ‘invocation/call; contest’

• श्रोषमाणाः: hearkening, listening
• श्रोषमाणाः: Kartā (अवन्तु के कर्ता—‘they, hearkening’)
• Type: Participle
• Root: √श्रु (श्रवणे) + श्रोषमाण (वेदिक कृत्/प्रत्यय) ‘listening, hearkening’

• अस्मान्: us
• अस्मान्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम)

• अवन्तु: may they help/protect
• अवन्तु: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √अव् (रक्षणे/पालने)

• पृतनाज्येषु: in the battle-winnings / in battles for the prize
• पृतनाज्येषु: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun (compound)
• Root: पृतना-ज्य (समास) : पृतना ‘battle’ + ज्य ‘prize/booty; winning’