Rig Veda 1.8.4: Mandala 1, Sukta 8, Mantra 4

Sukta 1.8

Rishi: Madhucchandas Vaiśvāmitra (traditional ascription for RV 1.1–1.11; applied here by continuity of the early Mandala 1 opening set)

Devata: Indra

Chandas: Gāyatrī (3 pādas of 8 syllables; RV 1.8 is classically in Gāyatrī addressing Indra)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

वयं शूरेभिरस्तृभिरिन्द्र त्वया युजा वयम् । सासह्याम पृतन्यतः ॥

Transliteration

vayáṃ śūrébhir astṛ́bhir índra tváyā yujā́ vayám | sāsahyā́ma pṛtanyatáḥ ||

Translation

We, with the heroic and unstruck powers, O Indra, yoked with you as our yoke-fellow—may we prevail over those who wage the battle against us (the forces of division and darkness).

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Word by Word

• वयम्: we
• वयम्: कर्तृ
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• शूरेभिः: with/through heroes
• शूरेभिः: करण
• Type: Noun
• Root: शूर (प्रातिपदिक)

• अस्तृभिः: with the unyielding/steadfast ones
• अस्तृभिः: करण
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: अस्तृ (प्रातिपदिक; RV-विशेषण/नाम)

• इन्द्र: O Indra
• इन्द्र: सम्बोधन
• Type: Noun (Vocative)
• Root: इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• त्वया: with you
• त्वया: करण
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• युजा: as companion/ally
• युजा: करण
• Type: Noun
• Root: युज् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘yoke/companion’)

• वयम्: we
• वयम्: कर्तृ
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• सासह्याम: may we overcome / prevail
• सासह्याम: क्रिया
• Type: Verb (archaic Vedic form)
• Root: सह् (धातु) + सासह्य (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक, desiderative/perfective sense in RV) अथवा √सह्-लिट्/आशीर्लिङ्-प्रयोग (RV-आर्चैिक)

• पृतन्यतः: of the hostile (foe) / of the one who fights
• पृतन्यतः: अपादान (यस्य विरुद्धं)
• Type: Adjective/Participle
• Root: पृतन्यत् (प्रातिपदिक; √पृतन्/पृतना ‘battle’ से; ‘fighting/hostile’)