Rig Veda 9.4.3: Mandala 9, Sukta 4, Mantra 3

Sukta 9.4

Devata: Soma Pavamāna

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

सना दक्षमुत क्रतुमप सोम मृधो जहि । अथा नो वस्यसस्कृधि ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 9.4.3

Transliteration

sanā́ dákṣam utá krátum ápa soma mṛ́dho jahi | áthā no vásyasas kṛdhi ||

Translation

Ever uphold in us capacity and effective will; and drive away, O Soma, the hostile pressures. Then shape us into the better state of being.

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Word by Word

• सना: from of old / always
• सना: Adhikaraṇa (kāla-adhikaraṇa)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सना (avyaya-prātipadika; from PIE *sen- ‘old’)

• दक्षम्: skill, ability
• दक्षम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: दक्ष (prātipadika)

• उत: and also
• उत: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उत (avyaya)

• क्रतुम्: resolve, power of will / ritual intelligence
• क्रतुम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्रतु (prātipadika)

• अप: away, off
• अप: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अप (avyaya; preverb)

• सोम: O Soma
• सोम: Sambodhana (addressed deity)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सोम (prātipadika)

• मृधः: hostilities, harms
• मृधः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: मृध्/मृध (prātipadika; ‘hostility, injury’)

• जहि: strike down, slay
• जहि: Kriyā (imperative action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: हन् (धातु) + (लोट्)

• अथा: then
• अथा: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अथा (avyaya)

• नः: for us / our
• नः: Sampradāna/Adhikaraṇa (beneficiary: ‘for us/our’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (sarvanāman)

• वस्यसः: of the better (good), better
• वस्यसः: Viśeṣaṇa (qualifier of the desired state/benefit)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वस्यस् (comparative adj. from वसु ‘good’)

• कृधि: make, do
• कृधि: Kriyā (imperative action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु) + (लोट्)