Rig Veda 3.60.3: Mandala 3, Sukta 60, Mantra 3

Sukta 3.60

Rishi: Viśvāmitra Gāthina (traditional attribution for Mandala 3); within 3.60 the praise centres on Indra with the Ribhus

Devata: Indra with the Ribhus (Ṛbhavaḥ/ Saúdhanvanāḥ) as associated powers

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (likely; verse length and cadence typical of RV 3rd maṇḍala Indra hymns)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

इन्द्रस्य सख्यमृभवः समानशुर्मनोर्नपातो अपसो दधन्विरे । सौधन्वनासो अमृतत्वमेरिरे विष्ट्वी शमीभिः सुकृतः सुकृत्यया ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 3.60.3

Transliteration

índrasya sakhyám ṛ́bhavaḥ sám ānaśur mánoḥ napāto apáso dadhanvire | saudhanvanā́so amṛtatvám ériré viṣṭvī́ śámībhiḥ sukṛ́taḥ sukṛtyáyā ||

Translation

The Ribhus, children of Mano, attained the companionship of Indra; they set their works in motion and intensified the effective powers. These Saudhanvanas rose toward immortality, pervading the field by harmonising skill—perfected in action by their perfect doing.

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Word by Word

• इन्द्रस्य: of Indra
• इन्द्रस्य: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• सख्यम्: friendship, alliance
• सख्यम्: कर्म (object of ‘attained/obtained’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सख्य (प्रातिपदिक; सखि-भाव)

• ऋभवः: the Rbhus
• ऋभवः: कर्तृ (subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋभु (प्रातिपदिक)

• समानशुः: they attained, reached
• समानशुः: क्रिया (finite verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अश् (धातु ‘अश्नुते’ = to reach/attain) + सम्- (उपसर्ग)

• मनोर्: of Manu
• मनोर्: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनु (प्रातिपदिक)

• नपातः: descendants, offspring
• नपातः: कर्तृ (apposition to ऋभवः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नपात् (प्रातिपदिक)

• अपसः: works, labours
• अपसः: कर्म (object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अपस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• दधन्विरे: they set in motion, they hastened (their works)
• दधन्विरे: क्रिया (finite verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: धन्/धन्व् (धातु; ‘to run/urge on, hasten’—Vedic) / caus.-like iterative sense

• सौधन्वनासः: the sons of Sudhanvan
• सौधन्वनासः: कर्तृ (subject; apposition to ऋभवः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सौधन्वन (प्रातिपदिक; ‘of Sudhanvan’/patronymic of the Rbhus)

• अमृतत्वम्: immortality
• अमृतत्वम्: कर्म (object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अमृतत्व (प्रातिपदिक; अमृत + त्व)

• एरिरे: they went/attained; they raised (themselves)
• एरिरे: क्रिया (finite verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ईर्/इर् (धातु; ‘to set in motion, to raise, to go’—Vedic)

• विष्ट्वी: having entered, after entering
• विष्ट्वी: क्रियाविशेषण (adverbial, prior action)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: विष्ट्वि/विष्ट्वी (अव्यय; छान्दस gerund-like ‘having entered/after entering’ from √विश्)

• शमीभिः: with/through the śamī-trees (or śamī-woods)
• शमीभिः: करण (instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शमी (प्रातिपदिक)

• सुकृतः: the well-doers, the skilful
• सुकृतः: कर्तृ (predicate/apposition to ऋभवः)
• Type: Adjective/Noun
• Root: सुकृत् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘well-doing, beneficent’)

• सुकृत्यया: by good skill/workmanship
• सुकृत्यया: करण (instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुकृत्या (प्रातिपदिक; ‘good workmanship, good deed’)