Varaha Purana - Adhyaya 107
Varaha PuranaAdhyaya 10715 Shlokas

Adhyaya 107: The Glorification of Donating a Butter-Cow (Navanīta-Dhenu)

Navanīta-dhenu-dāna-māhātmya

Ritual-Manual (Dāna-vidhi) with Soteriological Phalaśruti

Framed within the Purāṇic pedagogical mode attributed to Varāha’s instruction to Pṛthivī, this adhyāya presents a prescriptive ritual sequence (vidhi) for constructing and donating a symbolic “cow” made primarily of navanīta (fresh butter). The text details preparation of the ritual ground (smeared with gomaya), placement of hide and vessels, and the cow’s crafted features using metals, gems, sugar, flowers, fruits, textiles, and darbha. Lamps are lit in the directions, and the gift is formally offered to a brāhmaṇa householder with recitation of established “cow-mantras” and an explicit mantra identifying navanīta with divine amṛta from the ocean-churning. A concluding phalaśruti states purification from pāpa for donor, observer, and reciter, promising Viṣṇuloka and Śiva-sāyujya as the text’s stated outcomes.

Key Concepts

navanīta-dhenu (butter-cow) as dāna-objectdāna-vidhi (procedural gifting ritual)phalaśruti (merit claims for hearing/seeing/giving)amṛta-udbhava (ocean-churning origin motif)śuddhi (pāpa-vinirmukti) through ritualized generositydirectional lamps (dikṣu dīpa-pradīpana) and altar preparationmaterial semiotics (metals, gems, sugar, flowers as ritual signifiers)

In this adhyaya

People

  • VarahaSpeaksVarāha
  • HotriSpeaksHotṛ (narrative voice within the instruction)
  • PrithiviSpeaksListensPṛthivī

What happens

  1. How it opens

    Varāha, in the didactic Purāṇic mode, addresses Pṛthivī and introduces dāna as a purifier of conduct and sin, narrowing the focus to a specific, highly crafted gift: the navanīta-dhenu (butter-cow).

  2. Stories within

    Sāgara-manthana (deva-asura churning of the ocean) invoked to sacralize navanīta as amṛta-derived.

  3. The turning point

    A stepwise dāna-vidhi is laid out: the ritual ground is purified (gomaya-smearing, darbha arrangement), vessels and a hide are placed, and a symbolic cow is constructed primarily from fresh butter and ornamented with metals, gems, sugar, flowers, fruits, textiles, and darbha; lamps are lit in the directions and the gift is ritually transferred to a qualified brāhmaṇa gṛhastha with prescribed cow-mantras.

  4. How it ends

    The formal moment of offering is sealed by mantra-recitation, including an explicit identification of navanīta with amṛta arising from the sāgara-manthana (ocean-churning), thereby sacralizing the substance and elevating the gift from household produce to cosmological nectar.

Tirthas

No specific toponyms or regional ecologies are named in this adhyāya; the setting is a generalized ritual space (bhūmi) prepared with gomaya and darbha, with cosmological reference to the Kṣīra-samudra/‘ocean churning’ mythic horizon (sāgara-manthana).

  • Generalized ritual ground (bhumi) prepared with gomaya and darbhaGeneralized ritual ground (bhūmi) prepared with gomaya and darbha
  • Mythic horizon: Kshira-samudra / sagara-manthanaMythic horizon: Kṣīra-samudra / sāgara-manthana (ocean-churning context)
Recitation with translationVaraha Purana Adhyaya 107

Shlokas in Adhyaya 107

Verse 1

अथ नवनीतधेनुदानमाहात्म्यम् ॥ होतोवाच ॥ नवनीतमयीं धेनुं शृणु राजन् प्रयत्नतः ॥ यां श्रुत्वा सर्वपापेभ्यो मुच्यते नात्र संशयः

अब मैं तुम्हे माखन की गाय देने के बारे में बताता हूँ। राजा, ध्यान से सुनो। यह गाय माखन से बनी होती है। इसके बारे में सुनने से इंसान सारे पाप से छुट जाता है। इसमें कोई शक नहीं।

Verse 2

गोमयेनानुलिप्तायां भूमौ गोचर्ममाणतः ॥ चर्म कृष्णमृगस्येव तस्योपरि च धारयेत्

पहले ज़मीन को गोबर से साफ करो। उसके ऊपर गाय का चमड़ा बिछा दो। और उसके ऊपर एक काला चमड़ा भी रखना, जैसे काला हिरन का होता है।

Verse 3

कुम्भं तु नवनीतस्य प्रस्थमात्रस्य धारयेत् ॥ वत्सं चतुर्थभागस्य तस्यामुत्तरतो न्यसेत्

एक बर्तन में माखन भर के रखना। उसके बाएँ तरफ एक बछड़ा भी रखना। वो बछड़ा छोटा होना चाहिए, चारा हिस्से में से एक जैसा।

Verse 4

कृत्वा विधाननेन च राजसिंह सुवर्णशृङ्गी सुमुखा च कार्या ॥ नेत्रे च तस्या मणिमौक्तिकैस्तु कृत्वा तथान्यच्च गुडेन जिह्वाम्

राजा, इसको सही तरह से बनाना है। इसके सींग सोने के होना चाहिए। चेहरा अच्छा होना चाहिए। आँखों में मोती और नग रखने हैं। और जीभ गुड़ से बनानी है।

Verse 5

ओष्ठौ च पुष्पैश्च फलैश्च दन्ताः प्रकल्प्य सास्नां च सितैश्च सूत्रैः ।। जिह्वां तथा शर्करया प्रकल्प्य फलानि दन्ताः कम्बलं पट्टसूत्रम् ॥

फूलों से होठों को बनाओ और दाँतों के लिए फल यूज़ करो। सफेद धागे से गला सजावो। जीभ के लिए शक्कर रखो। फल दाँतों के साथ, और एक कंबल और कपड़ा भी साथ में रखो।

Verse 6

नवनीतस्तनीं राजन् इक्षुपादां प्रकल्पयेत् ।। ताम्रपृष्ठां रौप्यखुरां दर्भरोमकृतच्छविम् ॥

राजा, गाय को मखन से बनावो, स्तन मखन के, पाँव गन्ने के। पीठ तांबे की, खुर चाँदी के, और चमक कुश घास से आए।

Verse 7

स्वर्णशृङ्गीं रौप्यखुरां पञ्चरत्नसमन्विताम् ।। चतुर्भिस्तिलपात्रैश्च संवृतां सर्वतो दिशि ॥

सींग सोने के, खुर चाँदी के, और पाँच रत्नों से सजाओ। चारों तरफ तिल के बर्तन से घेर दो।

Verse 8

आच्छाद्य वस्त्रयुग्मेन गन्धपुष्पैरलङ्कृताम् ।। दीपांश्च दिक्षु प्रज्वाल्य ब्राह्मणाय निवेदयेत् ॥

दो कपड़े ओढ़ाओ, इत्र और फूल से सजाओ। चारों तरफ दिए जलाओ और ब्राह्मण को समर्पित करो।

Verse 9

मन्त्रास्त एव जप्तव्याः सर्वधेनुषु ये स्मृताः ।। पुरा देवासुरैः सर्वैः सागरस्य तु मन्थने ॥

वही मंत्र पढ़ो जो गाय के लिए बताए गए हैं। जैसे देवता और असुरों ने समुंदर मंथन के टाइम पढ़े थे, वैसे ही यहाँ भी वही मंत्र यूज़ करो।

Verse 10

एवमुच्चार्य तां दद्याद्ब्राह्मणाय कुटुम्बिने ।। धेनुं च दत्त्वा सुदुघां सोपधानां नयेद्गृहम् ॥

यह सब बोलने के बाद, उसे घर वाले ब्राह्मण को दे दो। एक गाय भी दो जो अच्छा दूध देती है। उसके साथ बिचोना भी दे दो, फिर उसे ब्राह्मण के घर ले जाओ।

Verse 11

हविर् एवं रसं चैव विप्रवर्यस्य भूपते ।। भुक्त्वा तिष्ठेद्दिनं राजन् धेनुदस्त्रीणि वै द्विजः ॥

राजा साहब, बड़े ब्राह्मण के लिए खाना और पानी का इंतज़ाम करो। खाना खाने के बाद वो ब्राह्मण एक दिन वहाँ रुके। गाय देने के बाद यह एक दिन का काम है।

Verse 12

यः प्रपश्यति तां धेनुं दीयमानां नरोत्तम ।। सर्वपापविनिर्मुक्तः शिवसायुज्यतां व्रजेत् ॥

जो इंसान उस गाय को देखता है जब वो दी जा रही होती है, उसके सारे पाप खत्म हो जाते हैं। वो शिव जी के पास पहुँच जाता है।

Verse 13

पितृभिः पूर्वजैः सार्द्धं भविष्यद्भिश्च मानवः ।। विष्णुलोकं व्रजत्याशु यावदाभूतसम्प्लवम् ॥

अपने पुरखों के साथ, जो पहले थे और जो आने वाले हैं, इंसान जल्दी विष्णु जी के धाम पहुँच जाता है। जब तक यह दुनिया रहेगी, तब तक वहाँ रहेगा।

Verse 14

य इदं शृणुयाद्भक्त्या श्रावयेद्वापि मानवः ।। सर्वपापविशुद्धात्मा विष्णुलोके महीयते ॥

जो यह बात दिल से सुनता है या दूसरों को सुनाता है, उसके सारे पाप धुल जाते हैं। विष्णु जी के धाम में उसकी इज़्ज़त होती है।

Verse 15

उत्पन्नं दिव्यममृतं नवनीतमिदं शुभम् ॥ आप्यायनं तु भूतानां नवनीत नमोऽस्तु ते ॥

यह माखन खास है, अमृत जैसा बना है। यह सब जीवों को ताकत देता है। माखन, तुझे मेरा प्रणाम।

Inside Adhyaya 107

Ritual instructions

  • Primary RitualNavanīta-dhenu-dāna (donation of a butter-cow) to a brāhmaṇa householder with cow-mantras and directional lamp-lighting.
  • BenefitPāpa-vinirmukti/śuddhi through ritualized generosity; merit extends to donor, witness, and reciter; promised destinations include Viṣṇuloka and Śiva-sāyujya.

The narrative frame

  • Dialogue TonePrescriptive, ritual-manual (vidhi) with soteriological assurance; authoritative and instructional.

Closing phalashruti

Phalaśruti promises pāpa-śuddhi not only for the donor but also for the witness and the reciter/hearer of the instruction, culminating in stated attainments of Viṣṇuloka and Śiva-sāyujya.

The emotional journey

  • Dominant RasaŚānta (with devotional undertone)
  • Emotional ProgressionFrom orderly instruction and purification of space → focused craftsmanship and consecration → solemn transfer of the gift through mantra → quiet assurance of liberation-like outcomes and higher-world attainment.

Planning a pilgrimage

  • Visit FeasibilityNot tirtha-specific; practice is portable and framed for household/ritual settings rather than a fixed pilgrimage site. Modern engagement is best approached via consultation with a traditional priest for mantra and recipient-qualification norms.

Frequently Asked Questions

The text foregrounds dāna (ritualized generosity) as a discipline of social reciprocity and moral purification: it prescribes a carefully constructed gift to a brāhmaṇa householder and frames the act of giving (and even witnessing or transmitting the instruction) as a means of pāpa-śuddhi and ordered social conduct.

No explicit tithi, nakṣatra, month, or seasonal timing is stated in the transmitted passage for Adhyāya 107; the instructions focus on materials, spatial arrangement, mantra-recitation, and the recipient protocol rather than calendrical scheduling.

Direct ecological regulation is not articulated, but the chapter’s earth-oriented ethic can be read through its terrestrial ritual grammar: preparation of the ground with gomaya and darbha, and the cow-as-abundance symbol, positions agricultural substrates and bovine-derived materials as mediators of purity, continuity, and responsible stewardship of household resources within a terrestrial (Pṛthivī-centered) worldview.

No royal genealogies or named historical lineages appear here; the passage references social roles (rājan as addressee, brāhmaṇa gṛhastha as recipient, hotṛ as ritual voice) and invokes a pan-mythic collective (deva–asura) in connection with sāgara-manthana and the emergence of amṛta/navanīta.

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