Adhyaya 13

Sutra 1

ब्राह्मणमपेयमभक्ष्यं वा ग्रासयत उत्तमो दण्डः क्षत्रियं मध्यमः वैश्यं पूर्वः साहसदण्डः शूद्रं चतुष्पञ्चाशत्पणो दण्डः ॥ कZ_०४.१३.०१ ॥

For one who compels a Brāhmaṇa to consume what is forbidden to drink or eat, the highest fine applies; for a Kṣatriya, the middle fine; for a Vaiśya, the first (lowest) sāhasa fine; and for a Śūdra, a fine of fifty-four paṇas.

Sutra 2

स्वयं ग्रसितारो निर्विषयाः कार्याः ॥ कZ_०४.१३.०२ ॥

Those who have themselves consumed/appropriated (the property) shall be made “nirviṣaya”—deprived of their means/standing (i.e., stripped of the benefit and rendered without resources/office).

Sutra 3

परगृहाभिगमने दिवा पूर्वः साहसदण्डः रात्रौ मध्यमः ॥ कZ_०४.१३.०३ ॥

For unlawful approach/entry into another’s house: by day, impose the first (lowest) sāhasa fine; by night, the middle (higher) sāhasa fine.

Sutra 4

दिवा रात्रौ वा सशस्त्रस्य प्रविशत उत्तमो दण्डः ॥ कZ_०४.१३.०४ ॥

Whether by day or by night, if one enters while armed, the highest penalty shall be imposed.

Sutra 5

भिक्षुकवैदेहकौ मत्तोन्मत्तौ बलादापदि चातिसंनिकृष्टाः प्रवृत्तप्रवेशाश्चादण्ड्याः अन्यत्र प्रतिषेधात् ॥ कZ_०४.१३.०५ ॥

Beggars and wandering ascetics (vaidehaka), the intoxicated or mentally deranged, those compelled by force, those entering in calamity, and those who enter due to extreme proximity (i.e., by mistake/necessity) are not punishable—unless entry was explicitly prohibited.

Sutra 6

स्ववेश्मनो विरात्रादूर्ध्वं परिवारमारोहतः पूर्वः साहसदण्डः परवेश्मनो मध्यमः ग्रामारामवाटभेदिनश्च ॥ कZ_०४.१३.०६ ॥

If, after nightfall, one climbs over the enclosure of one’s own house, the first sāhasa fine applies; if over another’s house, the middle sāhasa fine applies. Those who break into village enclosures, pleasure-groves/parks, or fenced compounds are likewise punishable.

Sutra 7

ग्रामेष्वन्तः सार्थिका ज्ञातसारा वसेयुः ॥ कZ_०४.१३.०७ ॥

Within villages, caravan-merchants (sārthika) and their known goods/valuables should lodge (only) inside (i.e., in supervised village limits).

Sutra 8

मुषितं प्रवासितं चैषामनिर्गतं रात्रौ ग्रामस्वामी दद्यात् ॥ कZ_०४.१३.०८ ॥

If their property is stolen or they are caused loss while staying (i.e., not having left) during the night, the village headman/owner (grāmasvāmī) shall compensate.

Sutra 9

ग्रामान्तरेषु वा मुषितं प्रवासितं विवीताध्यक्षो दद्यात् ॥ कZ_०४.१३.०९ ॥

If the theft/loss occurs between villages (in the inter-village zone), the superintendent of the protected road-zone (vivītādhyakṣa) shall compensate.

Sutra 10

अविवीतानां चोररज्जुकः ॥ कZ_०४.१३.१० ॥

For areas not designated as protected zones (avivīta), the officer in charge is the corarajjuka (anti-theft/robbery enforcement functionary).

Sutra 11

तथाप्यगुप्तानां सीमावरोधेन विचयं दद्युः ॥ कZ_०४.१३.११ ॥

Even so, where protection is inadequate, they should provide recovery/compensation by blocking the frontier/boundary and conducting a search/inquiry (vicaya).

Sutra 12

असीमावरोधे पञ्चग्रामी दशग्रामी वा ॥ कZ_०४.१३.१२ ॥

For obstructing an unmarked/undefined boundary, the fine shall be that of the ‘five-village’ or ‘ten-village’ grade (as applicable).

Sutra 13

दुर्बलं वेश्म शकटमनुत्तब्धमूर्धस्तंभं शस्त्रमनपाश्रयमप्रतिच्छन्नं श्वभ्रं कूपं कूटावपातं वा कृत्वा हिंसायां दण्डपारुष्यं विद्यात् ॥ कZ_०४.१३.१३ ॥

If one causes injury by making (or leaving) a weak house, a cart, an unsecured roof-post, a weapon without proper support, an uncovered pit or well, or a concealed fall-trap, it shall be treated as violence (daṇḍapāruṣya) for purposes of punishment.

Sutra 15

हस्तिना रोषितेन हतो द्रोणान्नं मद्यकुंभं माल्यानुलेपनं दन्तप्रमार्जनं च पटं दद्यात् ॥ कZ_०४.१३.१५ ॥

If a person is killed by an enraged elephant, the responsible party shall provide: one droṇa of grain, a jar of liquor, garlands and unguents, tooth-cleaning materials, and a cloth.

Sutra 16

अश्वमेधावभृथस्नानेन तुल्यो हस्तिना वध इति पादप्रक्षालनम् ॥ कZ_०४.१३.१६ ॥

Killing (a person) by means of an elephant is declared equivalent (in expiatory weight) to the avabhṛtha bath of the Aśvamedha; hence the prescribed rite is foot-washing.

Sutra 17

उदासीनवधे यातुरुत्तमो दण्डः ॥ कZ_०४.१३.१७ ॥

For killing a neutral (udāsīna), the yātu (sorcerer/black-magician; covert killer) shall receive the highest punishment.

Sutra 18

शृङ्गिणा दंष्ट्रिणा वा हिंस्यमानममोक्षयतः स्वामिनः पूर्वः साहसदण्डः प्रतिक्रुष्टस्य द्विगुणः ॥ कZ_०४.१३.१८ ॥

If a person is being harmed by a horned or fanged animal and the owner does not release/rescue him, the owner shall incur the ‘first’ (lowest) sāhasa fine; if the victim had cried out for help, the fine is doubled.

Sutra 19

शृङ्गिदंष्ट्रिभ्यामन्योन्यं घातयतस्तच्च तावच्च दण्डः ॥ कZ_०४.१३.१९ ॥

For making horned and fanged animals kill one another, the penalty shall be of the same amount (and correspondingly) for each case.

Sutra 20

देवपशुमृषभमुक्षाणं गोकुमारीं वा वाहयतः पञ्चशतो दण्डः प्रवासयत उत्तमः ॥ कZ_०४.१३.२० ॥

For making a temple/sacred animal, a bull, an ox, or a heifer carry a load, the fine is five hundred; for driving it away/exiling it, the highest penalty applies.

Sutra 21

लोमदोहवाहनप्रजननोपकारिणां क्षुद्रपशूनामदाने तच्च तावच्च दण्डः प्रवासने च अन्यत्र देवपितृकार्येभ्यः ॥ कZ_०४.१३.२१ ॥

For not returning (or unlawfully withholding) minor animals that are useful for wool, milk, carrying, and breeding, the penalty shall be correspondingly the same; and likewise for driving them away—except when done for duties relating to gods or ancestors.

Sutra 41

दैवतप्रतिमानां च गमने द्विगुणः स्मृतः ॥ कZ_०४.१३.४१च्द् ॥

For offences involving the removal/transport of divine images (temple idols), the prescribed penalty is considered double.

Sutra 42

वरुणाय प्रदातव्यो ब्राह्मणेभ्यस्ततः परम् ॥ कZ_०४.१३.४२च्द् ॥

It should be offered to Varuṇa; thereafter it should be given to the Brāhmaṇas.

Sutra 43

शास्ता हि वरुणो राज्ञां मिथ्या व्याचरतां नृषु ॥ कZ_०४.१३.४३च्द् ॥

For Varuṇa is the chastiser of kings who act falsely toward people.