Sutra 15

Devanagari script

हस्तिना रोषितेन हतो द्रोणान्नं मद्यकुंभं माल्यानुलेपनं दन्तप्रमार्जनं च पटं दद्यात् ॥ कZ_०४.१३.१५ ॥

Transliteration

hastinā roṣitena hato droṇānnaṃ madyakuṃbhaṃ mālyānulepanaṃ dantapramārjanaṃ ca paṭaṃ dadyāt

Translation

If a person is killed by an enraged elephant, the responsible party shall provide: one droṇa of grain, a jar of liquor, garlands and unguents, tooth-cleaning materials, and a cloth.

Word by Word

• हस्तिना: by an elephant
• Type: Noun
• Root: हस्तिन्
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; तृतीया-एकवचन; करण/सहकारक (instrumental) — 'by/with an elephant'

• रोषितेन: enraged / made furious
• Type: Participle (Adjective)
• Root: रुष्
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त); पुंलिङ्ग; तृतीया-एकवचन; 'having been enraged/angered' (agreeing with हस्तिना)

• हतः: killed
• Type: Participle (Adjective)
• Root: हन्
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त); पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन; predicate to an implied 'person' (victim)

• द्रोणान्नम्: a drona-measure of food/grain
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्रोण + अन्न
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-एकवचन; 'food (measured) by a drona' i.e., drona-measure of grain/food

• मद्यकुम्भम्: a jar/pitcher of liquor
• Type: Noun
• Root: मद्य + कुम्भ
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-एकवचन; 'a pot/jar of liquor'

• माल्य-अनुलेपनम्: garlands and unguent (anointing paste)
• Type: Noun
• Root: माल्य + अनु-लिप्
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-एकवचन; collective item: 'garlands and unguent/anointing paste'

• दन्तप्रमार्जनम्: tooth-cleaning (toothbrush/cleaning implement)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दन्त + प्र-मार्ज्
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-एकवचन; 'cleaning of teeth' (tooth-cleaning implement/act)

• च: and
• Type: Particle
• Root: च
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय; conjunction

• पटम्: a cloth/garment
• Type: Noun
• Root: पट
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-एकवचन; 'cloth/garment'

• दद्यात्: should give (as compensation)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दा (ददाति)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative); परस्मैपद; प्रथम-पुरुष; एकवचन; 'should give' (injunctive rule)

Entities Mentioned

• elephant
• victim’s side (implicit)
• responsible party/owner (implicit)

More Details

FAQs

Why is compensation expressed as goods like grain, liquor, and cloth?

It operationalizes immediate relief and a socially recognized settlement package, reducing retaliatory conflict.

Does this look like punishment or restitution?

Primarily restitution/appeasement (a structured compensation set), distinct from graded fines elsewhere in the chapter.