Rig Veda 8.20.3: Mandala 8, Sukta 20, Mantra 3

Sukta 8.20

Rishi: Sobharī Kāṇva

Devata: Maruts (with explicit linkage to Vishnu as allied expansive power)

Chandas: Trishtubh (probable)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

विद्मा हि रुद्रियाणां शुष्ममुग्रं मरुतां शिमीवताम् । विष्णोरेषस्य मीळ्हुषाम् ॥

Transliteration

vidmá hí rudriyā́ṇāṃ śúṣmam ugrám marutā́ṃ śimī́-vatām | víṣṇor eṣásya mīḷhúṣām ||

Translation

إنّا لَنَعلَمُ حقًّا الشِّدَّةَ العاتيةَ لقُوَى رُدرا، ولِلماروت ذوي طاقةِ الدَّفع؛ ونَعلَمُ أيضًا الاندفاعَ المُتقدِّمَ لِفِشنو، المُعطي الرؤوف—فهذه هي القوى التي تَحمِلُ النَّفسَ إلى ما وراء حدودِها.

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Word by Word

• विद्मा: we two know
• विद्मा: Kartā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √विद् (विदँ) ‘जानने’

• हि: indeed, for
• हि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (निपात)

• रुद्रियाणाम्: of the Rudriyas (Rudra’s band)
• रुद्रियाणाम्: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: रुद्रिय- (रुद्र-सम्बन्धी; prātipadika)

• शुष्मम्: might, vigor
• शुष्मम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: शुष्म-

• उग्रम्: fierce
• उग्रम्: Karma (qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उग्र-

• मरुताम्: of the Maruts
• मरुताम्: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मरुत्-

• शिमीवताम्: of the impetuous/forceful (Maruts)
• शिमीवताम्: सम्बन्ध (Genitive qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शिमीवत्- (विशेषण; ‘शिमी/शिमि-युक्त’)

• विष्णोः: of Viṣṇu
• विष्णोः: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विष्णु-

• एषस्य: of Eṣa (the impeller/swift one)
• एषस्य: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: एष- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘swift/impelling’ or ‘this’ as nominal) + -स्य

• मीळ्हुषाम्: of the bountiful ones (generous givers)
• मीळ्हुषाम्: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: मीळ्हु- (kṛdanta-stem from √मिह्/√मील्ह् ‘to bestow, to be gracious’; RV epithet ‘bountiful/generous’)