Rig Veda 8.1.21: Mandala 8, Sukta 1, Mantra 21
Sukta 8.1
Rishi: Kaṇva (Kāṇva tradition predominates in Maṇḍala 8; exact ṛṣi for 8.1 varies by Anukramaṇī—flagged as likely Kāṇva)
Devata: Indra
Chandas: Gāyatrī (common in Indra hymns of Maṇḍala 8; flagged as probable)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
मदेनेषितं मदमुग्रमुग्रेण शवसा । विश्वेषां तरुतारं मदच्युतं मदे हि ष्मा ददाति नः ॥
Transliteration
madéneṣitáṃ mádam ugrám ugréṇa śávasā | víśveṣāṃ tarutā́raṃ mada-cyútaṃ madé hí ṣmā́ dádāti naḥ ||
Translation
بنشوةٍ تُساقُ بالنشوة، وبقوّةٍ عاتيةٍ من بأسٍ عاتٍ—هو الغالبُ على الجميع، الذي لا يَخبو سرورُه: ففي الوجدِ حقّاً هو يمنحُنا يقيناً.
Word by Word
मदेनby/with intoxication (rapture, exhilaration)
मदेन:
करण
TypeNoun
Rootमद (प्रातिपदिक) अथवा √मद् (हर्षे/मदे)
ईषितम्impelled, set in motion
ईषितम्:
कर्म
TypeParticiple (Adjective)
Root√ईष् (प्रेरणे) → ईषित (कृदन्त)
मदम्intoxication, exhilaration
मदम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootमद (प्रातिपदिक)
उग्रम्fierce, mighty
उग्रम्:
कर्म (विशेषणत्वेन)
TypeAdjective
Rootउग्र (प्रातिपदिक)
उग्रेणwith a mighty (power)
उग्रेण:
करण
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootउग्र (प्रातिपदिक)
शवसाwith strength, with might
शवसा:
करण
TypeNoun
Rootशवस् (प्रातिपदिक)
विश्वेषाम्of all (of everyone)
विश्वेषाम्:
सम्बन्ध
TypeAdjective (genitive plural)
Rootविश्व (प्रातिपदिक)
तरुतारम्the best overcomer, the most victorious
तरुतारम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootतरुतार (प्रातिपदिक; तुलनात्मक/अतिशयार्थक-प्रत्यय -तार)
मदच्युतम्not fallen from exhilaration; steadfast in rapture
मदच्युतम्:
कर्म (विशेषणत्वेन)
TypeAdjective
Rootमद + √च्युत्/√च्यव् (चलने/पतने) → च्युत (कृदन्त); समासः (तत्पुरुष/बहुव्रीहि-प्राय)
मदेin intoxication/rapture
मदे:
अधिकरण
TypeNoun
Rootमद (प्रातिपदिक)
हिfor, indeed
हि:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (निपात)
ष्माsurely, indeed (emphatic)
ष्मा:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootष्मा (वैदिक-निपात; बलार्थ/नूनम्)
ददातिgives
ददाति:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√दा (दाने)
नःto us / for us
नः:
सम्प्रदान
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम)
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