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Rig Veda 5.54.3: Mandala 5, Sukta 54, Mantra 3

Sukta 5.54

Rishi: Atri (Ātreya tradition) (attributed for RV 5.54 as a whole)
Devata: Maruts (storm-host; dynamic powers allied to Indra)
Chandas: Trishtubh (probable for RV 5.54; verse-length and cadence align with triṣṭubh norms)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

विद्युन्महसो नरो अश्मदिद्यवो वातत्विषो मरुतः पर्वतच्युतः । अब्दया चिन्मुहुरा ह्रादुनीवृतः स्तनयदमा रभसा उदोजसः ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 5.54.3
Transliteration

vidyún-mahasaḥ naraḥ aśma-didyavaḥ vā́ta-tviṣaḥ marútaḥ párvata-cyutaḥ | abdáyā cit múhur ā́ hrāduní-vṛtaḥ stanáyad-amā́ rabhasā́ úd-ojasaḥ ||

Translation

يا ماروت، أيها الأبطالُ المتلألئون من سَعةِ البرق—يا من يقدحون الحجرَ شرراً، المتّقدون بحدّةِ الريح، المُزحزِحون الجبالَ عن ثباتها؛ مرّةً بعد مرّة، حتى عند المياه، تأتون مستورين في دَوِيٍّ متدحرج، تُرعِدون عن قُرب، مندفعين، متصاعدين بقوّة.

Word by Word
विद्युत्lightning
विद्युत्:
विशेष्य (उपमान) / अधिकरण-सम्बन्ध (उपमा-निर्देश)
TypeNoun
Rootविद्युत्- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘lightning’)
महसःof might / of greatness
महसः:
सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी) — ‘of might’
TypeNoun
Rootमहस्- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘greatness, might’)
नlike, as
न:
सम्बन्ध-निर्देशक (उपमा)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (उपमा-निपात)
नरःmen, heroes
नरः:
कर्तृ (वर्ण्य-समूहः)
TypeNoun
Rootनर- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘man, hero’)
अश्मदिद्यवःstone-flashing / flashing like stone (i.e., with hard, bright flashes)
अश्मदिद्यवः:
विशेषण (नरः/मरुतः)
TypeAdjective (compound)
Rootअश्मन्- + दिद्यु- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘stone’ + ‘shining/flash’)
वातत्विषःwind-impetuous / having the force (or brilliance) of wind
वातत्विषः:
विशेषण (नरः/मरुतः)
TypeAdjective (compound)
Rootवात- + त्विष्- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘wind’ + ‘glow, brilliance, impetuous force’)
मरुतःthe Maruts
मरुतः:
कर्तृ (मुख्यः)
TypeNoun
Rootमरुत्- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘Marut’)
पर्वतच्युतःmountain-shaking / causing mountains to slip
पर्वतच्युतः:
विशेषण (मरुतः)
TypeAdjective (compound; participial)
Rootपर्वत- + च्युत- (√च्यु ‘to fall, slip’ क्त)
अब्दयाwith the waters / with the cloud
अब्दया:
करण (instrument) — ‘with/by the waters (cloud)’
TypeNoun
Rootअब्द- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘water, cloud/waters’)
चित्even, indeed
चित्:
अर्थ-प्रबलक (emphatic)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootचित् (निपात)
मुहुःagain and again, repeatedly
मुहुः:
काल-अधिकरण (adverb of time)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमुहुः (अव्यय)
आtowards, forth
आ:
क्रिया-विशेषक (directional/intensifier)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआ (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
ह्रादुनीवृतःencompassed by roaring (sounds) / surrounded by rumbling
ह्रादुनीवृतः:
विशेषण (मरुतः)
TypeAdjective (compound; participial)
Rootह्रादुनी- + वृत- (√वृ ‘to cover, surround’ क्त)
स्तनयदमाthundering (indeed/for emphasis)
स्तनयदमा:
विशेषण (मरुतः)
TypeAdjective (kṛdanta + particle)
Rootस्तनयद्- (√स्तन्/स्तनय् ‘to thunder’ शतृ/वर्तमान-कृदन्त) + मा (अव्यय/पदपूरण)
रभसाःimpetuous, violent
रभसाः:
विशेषण (मरुतः)
TypeAdjective
Rootरभस- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘impetuous, violent, swift’)
उदोजसःof upsurging strength / with exalted vigor
उदोजसः:
विशेषण (मरुतः)
TypeAdjective (compound)
Rootउत्- + ओजस्- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘strength, vigor’)
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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